高应变率下混凝土动态力学性能SHPB实验

利用φ100 mm霍普金森压杆试验设备,研究了混凝土材料在冲击荷载下的动态压缩性能,分析验证了实验结果的有效性、一致性和试样中的应力均匀性问题,得到了混凝土材料在较高应变率范围内的动态应力-应变关系.研究表明,混凝土材料的动态应力-应变呈非线性关系;混凝土材料为应变率敏感性材料,在较高应变率范围内混凝土材料的动态应力-应变关系是与应变率相关的;混凝土材料的破坏应力和破坏应变随应变率的增大而增大.     

高应变速率下钛-钢复合板界面组织特征及变形机制

在高应变速率下,钛-钢复合板不同材料以不同的变形机制协调变形,结合界面起到至关重要的作用.本文分析研究了高应变速率下钛-钢复合板的界面组织特征和变形机制.结果表明:在钢侧,随着应变速率的提高,小角度(3°~10°)晶界含量增多,织构组分{1-12}〈2-41〉逐渐演变为织构{6-65}〈38-6〉和{111}〈1-10〉.在钛侧,随着应变速率的提高,出现了明显的形变孪晶组织,三种形变孪晶如{11-21}〈1-100〉拉伸孪晶、{11-22}〈11-23〉压缩孪晶和{10-12}〈10-11〉拉伸孪晶产生的难易程度不一样,变形机制由常规的"孪生变形为主"转变为"位错滑移与孪生变形共存"的复合变形模式.在结合界面处,随着应变速率的提高,需要适应由两侧产生的不同变形抗力,才能够实现连续变形而不致使材料发生破坏,其主要的协调机制依靠结合界面及附近晶粒的滑移实现变形.     

TC6钛合金力学行为及其失效研究

采用高温、高应变率耦合分离式Hopkinson Bar系统和100 KN微机控制电子万能试验机系统,对等轴晶粒组织的TC6钛合金圆柱形及帽形试样进行了力学试验,研究了其力学行为及其失效机理.结果表明:等轴晶粒组织TC6钛合金在准静态下变形时呈现应变强化效应,而在高应变速率下变形时,热软化与应变强化共存,流变应力呈现振荡,且表现出较强的应变率效应;TC6钛合金的动态变形表现为局域化变形,且在局域化变形区域出现裂纹,裂纹在此区域扩展贯穿整个试样,最终导致失效,而准静态下材料的变形表现为均匀化变形,当应变达到0.4时,材料沿最大剪切应力方向断裂失效.     

压缩载荷下6005A铝合金力学性能的研究

利用电子万能实验机和Hopkinson压杆实验装置对高速动车组使用的铝合金材料分别进行了准静态和不同应变率下的动态压缩实验,得到了相应的应力.应变曲线.实验结果表明,在不同应变率下,整个应力-应变曲线无明显的屈服现象,也无明显的屈服极限;该铝合金材料的屈服极限、瞬时流动应力均随着应变率的增大而增大,但在应变率较低时,两者增大的幅度并不显著,在应变率较高时,两者才随着应变率的增大而急剧增大;在动态加载条件下,该铝合金材料的变形表现出非线性特征.     

TC6钛合金4种典型组织的动态力学行为研究

 采用分离式霍普金森压杆技术,研究了4种典型组织TC6钛合金试样在高应变率加载条件(10³ s^-1)下的动态力学行为,并分析了原始组织对动态力学行为的影响.结果表明:在高应变率加载条件下,4种典型组织TC6钛合金的流变应力显示了相同的变化规律:变形初期,应变较小时,流变应力随应变增加快速增加;随后流变应力出现振荡,应力达到峰值后,流变应力随应变的增大而逐渐减小,呈现稳态流变;最后流变应力快速下降;在10³ s^-1数量级的高应变率加载条件下,随着应变率的增加,4种组织的流变应力均呈上升趋势;4种组织TC6钛合金都是应变率敏感材料,但4种组织的应变率效应不同;63#网蓝组织显示了较高的应变率敏感性,64#固溶时效组织则表现出较低的应变率敏感性,61#等轴组织和62#双态组织应变率敏感性相当.     

Al2O3陶瓷材料高应变率下的动态力学性能

针对常规SHPB实验系统的不足对其进行改进,采用改进的SHPB实验方法对Al2O3陶瓷材料的动态力学性能进行了实验研究,表明改进的SHPB实验方法可以成功地进行高强度材料高应变率下的动态力学性能实验。实验得到了Al2O3陶瓷材料在不同应变率下的动态应力应变曲线,结果表明,Al2O3陶瓷为弹脆性材料,其动态应力应变呈非线性关系;在高应变率下,陶瓷材料的动态应力应变关系是应变率相关的,材料的初始弹性模量、破坏应力、破坏应变值随应变率的增大而增大。最后对Al2O3陶瓷高应变率下的变形机理进行了讨论。     

基于改进J-C模型的42CrMo钢动态本构关系研究

42CrMo钢作为高速列车车轴的主要原材料,在高速列车运营中承受复杂的载荷条件。其中除了正常的设计载荷之外,还将承受不同程度的冲击载荷作用。为研究车轴钢的动态力学性能及其应力-应变关系,对42CrMo钢进行准静态及动态压缩力学性能实验,得到42CrMo钢在10-3~5000区间内七个应变率下的应力-应变曲线,结果显示42CrMo钢在高应变率下无明显应变率相关性,存在热软化效应。热软化效应被认为是在高速冲击下,材料塑性变形产生的热量无法向外界快速扩散从而积累导致温度上升而造成。采用改进J-C模型,考虑绝热温升影响,对材料进行本构描述,结果显示改进J-C模型在描述及预测不同应变率下42CrMo钢的流动应力时表现很好。     

Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Mn合金在293～723 K时的变形行为及微观组织演变

研究Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.6Mn 合金在应变速率为0.01 s-1、变形温度为293～723 K时的压缩塑性变形行为, 并在光学显微镜下观察合金在不同变形温度下的表面滑移线及孪生变形形貌与内部微观组织. 研究结果表明： 合金流变应力应变曲线在不同温度呈现出不同的形状, 加工硬化、动态回复和动态再结晶在不同的温度各自起到了重要的作用;在523 K以上时非基面滑移已被激活, 形变孪生在296～723 K范围都存在, 在673 K以上出现动态再结晶;动态再结晶晶粒优先在原始晶界和粗大第二相粒子处形核, 同时在723 K还观察到晶界弓出形核和＂孪生＂动态再结晶现象.     

混合纤维增强水泥基复合材料的动力性能

采用变截面霍普金森杆(SHPB)对不同配比的钢/PVA纤维混合增强水泥基复合材料(HFRCC)进行了不同应变率的冲击压缩实验,并对其抗压强度、峰值应变和韧性等动力性能进行对比分析.结果表明:HFRCC材料表现出应变率敏感性;随着PVA纤维的增加,材料的变形性能更好,而钢纤维的加入则提高了其动态抗压强度;PVA纤维含量的增加能降低材料的动态强度增长因子;在低应变率下和峰值应力之前,纤维间的相对含量对HFRCC的韧性影响不大,在高应变率下,钢纤维能有效提高其韧性.     

低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢的动态拉伸性能

在气动式间接杆杆型冲击拉伸实验机上对工业生产的两种低碳Si-Mn系TRIP钢不同应变率下的高速冲击拉伸性能进行了研究,并和静态拉伸性能进行了比较.结果表明,两种钢的室温拉伸性能随应变率变化具有相同趋势,但动态下的应变率敏感性比静态下的要高得多.由于TRIP钢组织中残余奥氏体的变形诱发向马氏体的转变显著改善了材料的塑性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to