单一沙坝型海滩平衡剖面形态预测公式

基于戴河口至洋河口海滩养护后的海滩平衡剖面实测资料,以存在离岸单一沙坝的低能砂质海滩为研究对象,分析其海滩剖面形态演变,提出以背景剖面和沙坝剖面叠加的单一沙坝型海滩平衡剖面预测公式。背景剖面基于最大信息熵原理充分考虑沙坝向岸侧和离岸侧差异,沙坝剖面则采用3～4个参数以抛物线函数形式分段描述非对称性沙坝形态。该平衡剖面公式对戴河口至洋河口岸段养护后的海滩剖面拟合效果较好,且成功应用于北戴河老虎石海滩和美国佛罗里达Fort Myers海滩,能较准确反映存在离岸单一沙坝低能海滩的平衡剖面特性。     

山海关旅游海滩生态修复工程水动力变化特性

为改善海滩环境,针对山海关白鹭岛至唐子寨岸段展开了旅游海滩生态修复工程.基于Delft3D软件采用三重嵌套的方法建立了渤海-秦皇岛海域-山海关海域的波流耦合数学模型,并用实测资料进行模型率定和验证.基于验证后的数学模型对工程海域水动力变化特征进行分析,结果表明:潮流场基本不受工程影响,海域的水体交换能力基本不变;潜堤掩护区常浪下的波高减幅约为10%,强浪下的波高减幅约为20%.总体上,山海关旅游海滩生态修复工程的建设既保护了工程海域水动力环境,又削弱了波浪对海滩的侵蚀,有利于维持当地旅游海滩的生态环境与稳定.     

狭长小型河口冲淤特征与演变机制

基于Mike21软件建立狭长小型河口——风河河口的二维潮流、波浪和泥沙输运数学模型,并运用验证合理的模型研究风河河口及其邻近海域的水沙动力特征,探讨50年一遇风暴浪作用下狭长小型河口冲淤演变的响应特征.结果表明,纯潮流作用下,河道总体呈现"上淤下冲"的演变态势,潮不对称输沙是风河河口地貌演变的主要原因;河口冲淤在正常天气下受潮流控制,在极端天气下受风暴浪控制;常浪与潮流耦合作用下,河道内冲淤分布与纯潮流相似;50年一遇波浪耦合潮流作用下掀沙能力显著增强,其中SE向和E向波浪影响最大,近岸海域主要呈冲刷态势,河口河道呈淤积态势,并且淤积厚度比纯潮流作用下高一个量级.     

大丰港匡围工程对潮流泥沙影响的模拟研究

建立了大丰港临近海域平面二维潮流泥沙数值模型,模拟计算了研究区域大小潮特征时刻的水沙空间分布特征。模型利用实测数据进行验证,计算结果与实测潮位、流速、流向及含沙量数据吻合良好。在模型验证良好的基础上,模拟围垦工程建设前后周围流场和悬沙场的变化。研究发现:围垦工程使得工程向海一侧流速减小。对于悬沙浓度,涨急时刻工程北部含沙量减小,落急时刻工程向海测含沙量增大。     

海床演变对山海关旅游海滩生态修复工程的响应特征

针对海滩侵蚀问题展开了包括滩肩补沙和离岸潜堤在内的海滩修复工程.为评估工程效果,采用Delft3D软件建立了山海关海域的泥沙输运和海床演变模型,使用2015年至2016年的实测资料验证模型.基于验证后的数学模型对工程海域泥沙输运与海床演变变化特征进行分析.结果表明:工程引起了近岸区域泥沙浓度的减小,减小幅度随离岸距离的增大而减小.工程建设前工程海域的侵蚀较为严重,工程的建设大大减小了近岸海域的冲刷深度,有效地保护了工程岸段海滩.工程后冲淤变化幅度第1年最大,然后逐年减少.     

人工水下沙坝对中海滩浴场水动力影响

基于Delft3D软件建立了北戴河中海滩浴场海域的二维及三维潮流和波浪耦合数学模型,并用实测潮流和波浪资料进行模型验证.利用验证后的模型模拟人工水下沙坝引起的水动力环境变化.结果表明:由于工程海域附近的潮流作用较弱,因此潮流影响仅体现在沙坝周围;4座人工水下沙坝具有一定的消浪作用,并且消浪作用随入射波高的增加而增强;总体上看,人工水下沙坝的建造使浴场附近的水动力作用减弱,水动力环境朝着有助于海滩保护的方向发展.     

贝宁海滩上波浪传播演变特性研究

为分析贝宁海滩上波浪传播演变特性，基于开源波浪数值计算软件COBRAS建立了贝宁典型海滩剖面数值模型，模型中采用k-epsilon紊流模型求解雷诺应力，采用流体体积法捕捉自由液面，并采用斜坡上波浪破碎试验结果对数值模型进行了验证。基于该模型对常浪条件和极端波浪条件下海滩上波浪传播规律的模拟结果表明：常浪条件下波浪主要在沙坝附近发生破碎，极端波浪条件下波浪在沙坝外侧200 m处开始发生破碎；破碎区域内水质点速度较大，常浪条件下沙坝周围的流速可达7.5 m/s,极端波浪条件下破波带内水质点速度可达12.4 m/s,且波浪回流与入射波浪在沙坝周围相互作用会形成较强的涡旋；随着波浪非线性的增强，波浪爬高也逐渐增大，在极端波浪条件下，沙丘上会发生越浪。     

海域水动力对老虎石海滩养护响应关系分析

老虎石海滩的海滩养护工程包含三段滩肩补砂和两个吹填的水下沙坝式潜堤.采用软件Mike 21建立老虎石2维潮流和波浪数学模型.根据2011年水文波浪实测资料对数学模型进行了验证和计算效率评价,评价结果表明计算的潮位和潮流过程与实测值吻合较好,精度较高.重点研究了海滩养护对其近岸区域潮流和波浪的影响,得到沙坝坝身处是流速、波高变化最大的位置,受动力作用影响最大.吹填沙坝因波浪增高掀沙、潮流挟沙输运,可为其后方的海滩提供沙源补充.近岸区域潮流动力较弱,波浪变化较小,采用人工补砂和水下沙坝式潜堤双重整治的海滩养护工程对海滩上人工养护泥沙的保存非常有利.     

强潮环境下小型海岛海滩修复方案数值模拟研究

应用FVCOM模型对强潮环境小型海岛(平潭大屿岛)周边海域开展了潮汐潮流数值模拟研究,结果表明大屿岛周围潮波为前进波,潮流与潮位变化同步,潮流在高潮(涨急)时由北向南流动,低潮(落急)时由南向北流动,且潮流流速较大.平潭大屿北侧海滩属于典型的岬湾海滩,波浪作用为主要的动力因素,其南侧海滩在波浪和潮汐动力作用下形成的沙滩岸线与海流流向基本平行,潮流起到了一定的作用.针对平潭大屿岛两个沙滩不同的动力特性提出了相应的海滩修复方案,并应用XBEACH模型对强浪作用下海滩剖面演变进行了计算分析.     

港口工程建设对渤海湾西南岸水沙动力环境的影响

基于Delft3D数值模拟软件建立渤海湾西南岸二维潮流、波浪和泥沙输运数学模型.运用验证合理的模型研究近20年的港口工程建设对渤海湾西南岸水沙动力特征的累积影响以及黄骅、滨州两港水沙动力的相互作用.结果表明,港口工程建设使渤海湾西南岸逐渐形成3个相对独立的海区;波流耦合作用下,全潮平均含沙量分布情况基本与纯潮流时相似,但量值提高近8倍.沿岸流的增强使含沙量等值线趋于与岸线平行,涨潮输沙量的增加使黄骅港以西,黄骅、滨州两港之间以及滨州港以东近岸区域的泥沙含量比例重新分配;总体看来,连片港口工程建设使渤海湾西南岸逐步达到新的输沙平衡状态.黄骅港综合港区与滨州港防波堤一期工程(2012年)与规划工程(2020年)可分别削弱正常天气、常浪天气下港区间泥沙相互输运的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.