机载雷达微下击暴流风切变信号处理与仿真

微下击暴流风切变是一种对飞机安全有严重危害的大气现象,为了有效分析微下击暴流风切变对飞行器所造成的危害程度。引入了危险因子,建立了微下击暴流风切变的危险因子数学模型,同时建立了一种简单有效的非对称风场模型,运用频域脉冲方法对微下击暴流风切变进行风速估计,由于微下击暴流风切变一般都含有雨滴,则运用多普勒效应和雷达截面积等原理对微下击暴流风切变信号进行了分析与仿真。仿真结果表明,建立的危险因子和风场模型能够真实有效地反映微下击暴流风切变所造成的危害程度,同时频域脉冲对方法能够很好地对微下击暴流风切变信号进行风速估计。     

CAARC高层建筑标准模型下击暴流风洞试验

为研究CAARC高层建筑标准模型在下击暴流作用下的响应,采用所开发的基于边界层风洞的下击暴流出流风速模拟试验装置模拟下击暴流稳态风场和瞬变风场,设计并制作了几何缩尺比为λ_L=1∶200的CAARC气弹模型,分别在下击暴流稳态风、瞬态风以及大气边界层B类风场条件下进行了风洞试验研究.结果表明：所模拟的稳态下击暴流风速剖面与经验风速剖面较为吻合;所模拟的瞬态下击暴流风速时程特性、湍流度与已有文献推荐值总体较为吻合;CAARC高层建筑标准模型在稳态、瞬态下击暴流风场作用下,顶部x、y方向位移时程波动较大,与大气边界层B类风场作用下位移时程存在明显差异.     

下击暴流作用下平屋面风荷载CFD数值模拟

下击暴流具有与常规大气边界层近地风完全不同的风场特征.基于CFD(Computational fluid dynamics)数值仿真技术,完成了几何缩尺比为1∶2 000的下击暴流过程的数值模拟,并将其风剖面的模拟结果与理论模型进行了对比.在此基础上,研究在下击暴流作用下,将大跨平屋面置于距下击暴流中心不同径向位置时,屋面平均风压系数和速度场的分布规律,并与大气边界层风场中平屋面的风荷载特性进行了对比.结果表明:数值模拟方法能够较好地再现下击暴流的风场特性;下击暴流风场中平屋面风压分布规律明显区别于大气边界层风场中的风压特性;平屋面风压分布特性与其距下击暴流中心的距离密切相关,随着平屋面逐渐远离下击暴流中心,屋面所承受的压力逐渐由正压转为负压.     

基于边界层风洞的下击暴流稳态风场特性数值模拟

针对下击暴流稳态风场模拟问题,基于计算流体动力学方法(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD),首先分别采用二维、三维冲击射流模型对下击暴流风场进行数值模拟,对下击暴流风场特性进行研究.在此基础上,根据下击暴流对桥梁结构作用主要受水平风速影响的特点,采用二维数值模拟方法对边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板模拟下击暴流水平风速风场进行了研究.最后,设计并加工了边界层风洞下击暴流水平风速模拟试验装置,在边界层风洞中进行了下击暴流水平风速风场模拟试验,并将数值模拟结果与试验结果和已有文献结果进行了比较.结果表明:下击暴流风场的二维冲击射流模型模拟结果与三维冲击射流模型模拟结果吻合较好,即二维冲击射流模型是一种有效的下击暴流风场简化模拟方法;在边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板所模拟的下击暴流水平风速风场数值模拟结果和风洞试验结果具有较好的一致性,并与冲击射流模型数值模拟结果和现场实测结果均吻合较好,即在边界层风洞中设置倾斜平板可模拟下击暴流水平风速稳态风场特性.     

常规风和下击暴流作用下定日镜风压特性比较

利用计算流体动力学方法对常规风和下击暴流作用下定日镜的表面风压进行数值模拟和对比分析.研究结果表明:在常规风和下击暴流作用下,定日镜在各工作仰角下的迎风面均以正压为主,在镜面上边缘存在极小范围的负压区域,背风面负压整体呈现上部小、下部大对称分布的特点.随着工作仰角的增大,在常规风和下击暴流作用下,定日镜迎风面压力峰值中心均由底部逐渐上移,峰值压力逐渐增大,当处于大工作仰角时,迎风面高压区在常规风风场中位于上部,而下击暴流风场中位于中部且高压区分布范围比常规风更大.定日镜背风面负压峰值随工作仰角增大在常规风风场中逐渐减小,而在下击暴流风场中背风面压力基本不变,当处于小工作仰角时,在常规风风场中定日镜背风面谷值压力位于上部,分布梯度明显,在下击暴流风场中背风面压力分布较均匀.     

平面壁面射流风场作用下建筑物表面风压数值模拟

采用平面壁面射流模拟下击暴流的出流段风场,通过协同流模拟下击暴流水平移动,基于计算流体动力学方法,采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)的Stress-Omega模型模拟了稳态下击暴流的平均风剖面,并在风场中建立高层建筑物模型,研究下击暴流风场中高层建筑物表面风压分布特性.结果表明,采用平面壁面射流模型得到的水平速度竖向风剖面与下击暴流理论风剖面以及试验结果吻合较好,壁面射流模型风场中建筑风压分布特征与冲击射流风洞试验一致;迎风面风压系数随着顺流向距离的增加而不断减小,随着射流入流湍流强度的增大而减小.当下击暴流风剖面半高值大于1.45倍建筑物高度时,壁面射流风场中建筑风压分布与大气边界层风场中类似.协同流对结构中下部风压分布影响较大,而风向角对最大风压的影响不大.     

下击暴流作用下大跨度平屋盖结构的风荷载分布特性

应用一种下击暴流发生装置,在大气边界层风洞内模拟了适用于大跨度屋盖风洞试验的1∶300比例下击暴流风场。在此基础上,对下击暴流作用下大跨度平屋盖结构的风压分布特征进行了风洞试验,并与常规B类地貌的相应试验结果进行对比。结果表明：在模型区内,下击暴流发生的相对位置对风压系数的影响整体较小;下击暴流作用下平均风压分布与B类风场下的结果基本一致,但极小风压系数绝对值最大值9.85比B类风场的5.54超出77.8%,并且相应脉动风压的功率谱显著高于B类风场的试验结果;B类风场下平屋面的极大风压系数最大值均接近或小于0,但不同风向角的下击暴流风作用下高于0.15的极大风压系数所占的屋盖面积比例处于51%到75%的范围之间,极大风压系数局部最高可达0.35,大范围的较高正压会进一步影响结构的承载力。     

新疆达坂城风区顺风向脉动风功率谱

为研究新疆乌鲁木齐所处达坂城风区的复杂脉动风环境，基于实测风场风速数据分析并拟合了该风区的顺风向脉动风功率谱。结果表明：以反比例函数拟合山区峡谷地形平均风速与湍流强度的关系误差较小；山区峡谷地形湍流积分尺度分布较离散，但整体随平均风速的增大而增大；考虑地形系数的Kaimal修正谱在含能区和惯性子区间能较好地表征实测谱，在耗能区选用三参数拟合描述实测谱效果良好；选用过渡函数来描述惯性子区间与耗能区接触区域的功率谱，拟合效果较为理想。可见达坂城风区具有特殊顺风向脉动风特性，以修正谱和拟合谱分段构成的函数模型可用于表征该风区顺风向脉动风功率谱。     

海面上下击暴流风场特性模拟及分析

为研究下击暴流作用于海洋上层水域的风场特性与风浪分布，基于CFD(computational fluid dynamics)技术，建立了二维几何模型，使用雷诺应力模型、多相流模型对二维下击暴流作用于海洋上层水域的过程进行数值模拟，开展了其速度变化时程、波高变化时程、特征时刻径向风速剖面、时均风速剖面与液相流速剖面的变化特性的分析.模拟结果表明：相对于平面陆地，下击暴流作用于海洋上层水域的前期径向气流方向有所抬升，风场稳定后径向气流中部仍表现为小幅抬升，至冲击中心水平方向远处逐渐平稳；冲击中心附近的海洋上层表面随下击暴流持续作用表面产生下凹，随时间增加下凹加剧，产生的冲击波向两侧传递，随时间发展在径向气流作用下产生长短不一的波；早期径向风速值将超过初始下沉气流风速值，最大达到下沉气流速度值的1.2倍，易联合风浪作用使海上舰船发生倾覆，海上舰船应利用其特征防范与抵御下击暴流；径向时均风速最大值所在高度较下击暴流作用于陆地时要高.     

基于S波段双偏振雷达的一次下击暴流初探

利用S和X波段两种双偏振雷达、日本葵花8号卫星、北京探空站等观测资料以及ERA5再分析数据，通过天气学分析方法和雷达回波特征分析方法，分析2022年6月17日冀中一次下击暴流天气过程的发生机理.结果表明：此次天气过程为弱强迫下发生的强对流天气，云团满足MCC的标准，不断累积的对流有效位能、抬高的自由对流高度构成下击暴流发生的有利环境；干空气夹卷、融化层上部湿区有利于水汽凝结，融化层下融化形成的大雨滴经蒸发降温，形成向下的负浮力是强下沉气流形成的主要原因；下沉辐散气流叠加在冷池密度流上，形成非对称下击暴流天气，在有利的环境背景条件下，微下击暴流指数可以作为下击暴流的一个参考指标；下击暴流发生前的雷达回波特征为速度图上中层径向辐合、低层辐散、反射率因子槽口以及反射率因子核心下降.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.