锆英石陶瓷固化模拟放射性焚烧灰

以天然锆英石为原料,借助失重-差热(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试方法,对模拟放射性焚烧灰的陶瓷固化进行了初步研究。结果表明,随着模拟放射性焚烧灰掺量的增加,ZrSiO4的分解温度降低。陶瓷固化体的主要晶相及其烧结温度与模拟放射性焚烧灰的掺量有关,当模拟放射性焚烧灰掺量(质量分数)为20％,固化体的较佳烧结温度范围是1230-1290℃,主要晶相为ZrSiO4;当掺量40％,固化体的较佳烧结温度范围是1200-1260℃,主要晶相为ZrSiO4和ZrO2;当掺量60％,固化体的较佳烧结温度范围是1290- 1350℃,主要晶相为ZrO2。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备硅酸锆粉体及其表征

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备ZrSiO4粉体,研究了煅烧温度、保温时间和催化剂(铁离子)对ZrSiO4合成率的影响;采用XRD、SEM、激光粒度仪等分析了ZrSiO4的晶相组成、结晶形貌以及产物粒径大小。实验结果表明:未添加催化剂时,ZrSiO4的合成温度高达1500℃;引入催化剂铁离子之后,在1200℃合成率可达到91.20%,合成温度降低了300℃,得到的粉体颗粒发育完善,结晶性好。烧结机理分析表明,Si4+的扩散是影响硅酸锆形成的主要因素;加入的铁以Fe3+的形式进入到ZrSiO4结构中,取代部分Si4+,产生空位,加速Si4+的扩散,从而有效地促进ZrSiO4的结晶,降低ZrSiO4的合成温度。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧底灰熔融处理实验研究

应用XRF对不同粒径的焚烧底灰组成进行了分析,并对底灰试样(用TCLP)以1 100～1 400 ℃的熔融温度进行熔融处理实验、物理特性、微观形貌分析(用SEM)、熔渣重金属分布(用ICP-AES)、浸出毒性测定等研究.研究结果表明:焚烧底灰中主要组成为SiO2,CaO,Al2O3,Fe2O3;颗粒尺寸在1.0～19.0 mm范围内的占79.7%;熔融试样的密度、吸水率和孔隙率均随熔融温度的升高而减小,减容比和硬度均随着熔融温度的升高而升高;在熔融温度高于1 300 ℃时,试样达到较好的熔融效果;熔融体物相发生变化对重金属浸出率影响显著,挥发性重金属Cd和Pb以气态形式被收集,Zn,Cr,Ni则固溶在熔渣中,而Zn,Cr,Pb,Cu,Cd等重金属浸出率均明显降低.     

熔盐法制备Bi_(1.5)ZnNb_(1.5)O_7陶瓷

以Bi2O3,ZnO和Nb2O5为原料,KCl为熔盐,采用熔盐法和传统无压烧结工艺合成了单相Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7陶瓷.XRD和SEM分析表明,在950～1 000℃合成了单相Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7粉体.研究了不同工艺条件对Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7陶瓷烧结特性、相组成、微观组织和介电性能的影响.随温度的升高,介电常数先增大后减小,介电损耗变化与之相反.在1 050℃烧结2 h后Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7陶瓷介电性能最佳:εr≈155(1 MHz),tanδ≈3.1×10-3.     

层状LiNi1/3Mn1/3CO1/3O2正极材料的合成

用碳酸盐同沉淀法合成了LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2正极材料,采用XRD(X-RayDiffraction)、SEM(ScanningElectronMicroscope)、差分计时电位法和充放电循环等对材料的物理化学性质及电化学性能进行了测试分析。XRD分析表明在合成温度为800℃或更高时,所合成的产物均为α-NaFeO2型的层状结构,SEM分析表明在合成温度为800或850℃时,产物为微小晶粒团聚成的球形颗粒,合成温度为900℃以上时,产物颗粒发生破碎,形状不规则。950℃合成的LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2材料在2·5~4·4V电位区间内,首次放电容量为162mAh·g-1,并具有良好的循环性能。随着充放电电压的升高,首次不可逆放电容量增大,循环稳定性减弱。在低温(800,850℃)下合成的LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2材料与高温下(900,950℃)得到的材料性能有很大差别,这是由于在高温和低温下得到材料的结构差别所造成的。     

烧成温度和锆英石对轻骨料镁尖晶石材料性能和显微结构的影响

以方镁石-尖晶石微孔陶瓷骨料、电熔镁砂、电熔尖晶石、α-Al2O3微粉等为原料,制备含轻骨料镁尖晶石材料,研究了烧成温度和锆英石加入量对试样性能和显微结构的影响.结果表明,随着烧成温度的升高,试样 的致密化程度逐步提高;试样强度先增大后减小, 在1600℃时达到最大值.在1600℃热处理下,随着w(ZrSiO4)的增加,试样的体积密度增大,显气孔率变小,试样力学强度在w(ZrSiO4)为4 %时达到最大值.w(ZrSiO4)为4%的试样整体显微结构致密,固相直接结合程度提高;并且方镁石和尖晶石晶粒的晶粒尺寸粗大,晶粒发育比较完整.     

温度对污泥焚烧灰中重金属迁移行为与浸出特性的影响

实验考察了温度分别为500、600、700和800℃时,污泥在焚烧炉中停留25min后的污泥灰中和原污泥中重金属(Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb)的含量;采用改进的分步BCR提取法来研究7种重金属的酸溶态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态的分布特征,并利用地累积指数法(Igeo)对重金属潜在风险进行了评价,模仿酸雨条件探讨了污泥焚烧前后重金属的浸出特性.实验结果表明,污泥焚烧温度达到500℃以上,焚烧灰中上述7种金属元素可氧化态和残渣态基本呈增长趋势,生态风险等级均不同程度的降低,700℃时,各元素主要以残渣态形式存在,此时,Pb、Cr、Co三种元素的Igeo潜在生态风险等级由原来的1级降为0级,Cd元素的Igeo风险等级由原来的9级降为7级,在800℃时,Cu元素的风险级别由2级降为1级.浸出毒性实验表明,焚烧灰中重金属浸出毒性远远低于焚烧前,随着温度的升高,浸出毒性呈现下降趋势,且随着时间的增加,浸出毒性含量逐渐增大.原污泥Mn元素在4h浸出率100%,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率下降到27.1%;Cu元素800℃焚烧后,20h浸出率由原来的20.6%降低到4.2%;Co、Ni、Cr、Cd、Pb元素,700℃焚烧后,20h浸出率分别由原来的18.3%、22.7%、14.3%、9.4%、18.2%降低到3.0%、3.5%、0.31%、0.28%、0.21%,其整体浸出能力与重金属形态分析结果基本一致.     

纳米Al_2O_3复合铝酸盐水泥基储热材料的性能

研究不同掺量的纳米Al2O3(平均粒径为80 nm)和不同热处理温度(105、350和900℃)对铝酸盐水泥基复合储热材料的热学性能(体积热容、热导率和热膨胀系数)和力学性能(抗压强度)的影响。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)分别表征水化浆体内产物的物相和形貌变化。结果表明:当纳米Al2O3的质量分数为5%时,纳米Al2O3复合浆体的热容、热导率和抗压强度相对较高;随着温度的升高,纳米Al2O3复合浆体的热容、热导率和抗压强度都有一定程度的下降;在350和900℃热处理后,纳米Al2O3复合浆体的热容、热导率和抗压强度高于纯浆体。     

碱金属氧化物对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系统微晶玻璃析晶和性能的影响

采用示差扫描量热法(DSC)、X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析方法,研究玻璃组成中碱金属氧化物(Li2O 和Na2O)总量不变时,Li2O 逐渐取代Na2O 对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 系统微晶玻璃的析晶、热膨胀系数及介电性能的影响.研究结果表明Li2O 和Na2O 总含量(质量分数)为3.6%,其中Li2O 含量为1.8%时,微晶玻璃以α-堇青石为主晶相,热膨胀系数为5.11×10-6 ℃,微波频率下介电常数εr 为5.5,介电损耗tan σ为2.1×10-4;随着Li 对Na 的取代,玻璃的析晶能力增强,初始析晶峰温度从950 ℃降至900 ℃左右,但没有降低第二析晶峰温度;随着Li2O 含量增加,热膨胀系数及介电损耗都出现明显的混合碱效应,曲线呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势;样品的介电常数随Li2O 含量增加单调降低.     

高能球磨法制备Mg_4Nb_2O_9微波介质陶瓷及其表征

采用高能球磨法制备粉体.粉体球磨60 h后在900℃保温3 h预烧合成Mg4Nb2O9纯相,研究了由高能球磨所得粉体制备的Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的相结构、显微组织和微波介电性能随烧结温度的变化关系.X射线衍射检测Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷在1 150～1 200℃烧结过程中有微量的MgNb2O6和Mg5Nb4O15杂相产生,烧结温度高于1 200℃时,样品为Mg4Nb20g纯相;样品收缩率和密度随烧结温度的增大而增加,在1 200℃趋于饱和,分别为13.6和4.22 g/cm3(相对密度96.42%);样品的气孔含量随烧结温度增大降低,晶粒尺寸随烧结温度增大而增大,介电常数和品质因数随烧结温度的增大而增加;1 200℃烧结的样品具有高的致密度、清晰的显微组织,平均晶粒尺寸为3.5 μm,微波介电性能εr=12.6,Q·f=133164 GHz,τ=-56.69×10-6/℃.实验结果表明.高能球磨有效促进球磨后粉体在900℃低温合成Mg4Nb2O9纯相;并降低Mg4Nb2O9陶瓷的烧结温度到1 200℃,改善了陶瓷的谐振频率温度系数,有望成为新一代中温烧结微波介质材料.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-