我国政府公共教育支出合理规模研究

我国公共教育支出占GDP比例即规模比较小，农村基础教育公共支出匮乏，政府公共教育支出欠帐过多，无法适应建设全面小康社会教育所承担的人才培养的任务。扩大政府公共教育支出规模，缓解公共教育支当竺哿颈与制约，必须力争使政府公共教育支出规模达到5％的世界平均水平，政府公共教育支出应覆盖农村基础教育，加强农村税费改革后的政府公共农村教育支出管理，优化政府公共教育支出的结构。     

略论公共支出的结构调整

在市场经济环境下我国的公共支出已经发生了很大的变化,在公共支出中每阶段公共支出的侧重点是不一样的,为使公共支出达到应有的支出效果,我们必须根据其自身的特点进行科学的调整,使之充分发挥在国民经济发展和收入分配中的作用。     

中国公共支出的总量及结构分析

公共支出的总量及结构反映了政府的成本支出,本文就中国1990年～2006年的公共支出数据对其总量及结构进行研究,分析中国公共支出在结构中存在的一些问题,并提出改进。     

公共支出全面绩效管理研究

在我国市场经济逐渐成熟的条件下,公共财政制度也在不断完善,公共支出的范围的在重新确定,同时公共支出呈现不断增长的趋势,公共支出的绩效管理显得尤为重要。本文将绩效管理和全面质量管理两种理论结合起来,提出了全面绩效管理的理论,来研究如何提高公共支出的绩效。     

公共财政支出范围界定的思考

公共财政就是满足社会公共需要的社会资源配置活动.公共财政支出,是指在市场经济条件下政府为履行职能而支付的一切费用的总和.公共支出范围,乃是由公共财政的性质决定的,这是界定公共支出范围的基本依据.     

浅议瓦格纳法则对我国公共支出理念和政策的启示

19世纪80年代，德国经济学家阿道夫·瓦格纳提出了“公共支出不断增长”的瓦格纳法则，一百多年来的世界经济发展史也充分证明了瓦格纳法则是“唯一的铁律”。那么，瓦格纳法则对我国当前转轨时期的公其支出理念和政策有何借鉴与启示？本文试图就该论题进行探讨，并提出公共支出扩张过程中需要注意的问题。     

公共支出与经济增长：一个文献综述

有关公共支出与经济增长关系的研究是伴随经济增长理论的发展而展开的,二者之间的关系在理论界至今尚无定论,基本上有三种观点：正相关、负相关和无相关性。本文从公共支出总量和结构两个方面,通过对近20年来的相关文献进行梳理,理清公共支出与经济增长关系的脉络,以期对政府制定合理的公共支出政策提供有益的帮助。     

我国公共支出的效率与公平探究

目前,我国的公共支出体系存在着诸多不合理的地方,除了政府理财观念上的因素外,公共支出没有科学的判断标准和执行标准是一个重要原因。分析我国现阶段公共支出的不合理现状和原因,以效率和公平为视角,提出一个为公共支出能够发挥最大效用的可供参考的标准,并提出相应的建设途径。     

公共教育支出范围的界定与调整及其现实意义

当前,理论上特别是实践中对公共教育支出的范围认识不一。本文试图从理论上对公共教育支出范围的界定与调整进行分析,阐明公共教育支出的范围不是一成不变的,并提出必须树立正确的财政和教育观念,以改进我们的实际工作。     

试论社会保障公共支出额度的正义范围

社会保障的资金来源可以有多种渠道,但国家财政支出无疑是其中的一个最重要的渠道。社会保障支出既然属于公共支出和转移支付,也就涉及许多方面的利益关系。于是,社会保障中的公共支出额度,也就有了一个正义的范围———不及或者太过都是不正义的。公共支出额度问题涉及多组价值之间的冲突,其中最主要的是平等和自由、公平和效率。对于这些价值,不能简单地取舍,唯有分层次地兼顾才符合正义的要求。而归根结底,社会保障公共支出水平主要应该由经济发展水平来决定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-