孤立波通过透水潜堤水动力特性试验

基于波浪水槽试验,对孤立波通过潜堤的传播变形、透射系数和波浪爬高开展研究,分析了潜堤消浪效果、波浪爬高与相对堤顶水深和潜堤透水率的关系．研究结果表明,在相同透水率的条件下,透射系数随着相对堤顶水深的增大而增大．波浪爬高明显随着入射波高的增大而增大,并且成线性趋势,在同一透水率下,波浪爬高随着堤顶水深的增大而增大．     

孤立波作用下斜坡堤越浪量的数值模拟

海啸对海面上的船舶、建筑物及周围环境破坏极大,而对于海啸的研究通常采用孤立波来模拟.为了探究海啸对斜坡堤越浪的问题,在FLUENT软件中,建立二维数值波浪水槽,采用用户定义函数(user defined function,UDF)边界造波,流体体积函数(volume of fluid,VOF)方法追踪自由表面,模拟出孤立波波高随时间变化的情况.并利用斜坡堤数值波浪水槽模拟堤顶处的越浪量,与实验数据对比.进而,研究相对波高、相对超高、相对堤顶宽度对越浪量的影响.研究结果表明,孤立波在斜坡堤作用下,越浪量数值模拟的结果与实验值吻合较好;无量纲越浪量随着相对波高的增大而增大;随着相对超高、相对堤顶宽度的增大而减小;通过模拟不同堤顶宽度的越浪量,总结出孤立波越浪量沿堤顶宽度衰减的经验公式.     

基于分层Boussinesq方程的波浪通过斜坡上潜堤传播变形

在总结前人研究工作的基础上,运用分层Boussinesq方程对波浪通过斜坡上潜堤传播变形开展数值模拟研究．利用试验数据验证了二层Boussinesq方程波浪模型在该研究中具有很好的适用性和较高的精度．研究结果表明,相对堤顶水深和相对堤顶宽度对波浪外观形态和内部能量影响很大;相对堤顶水深越小,相对堤顶宽度越大,波形变换越显著,堤后波浪主频能量减少越剧烈．     

人工岛与多工程影响下的潮流动力响应特征

人工岛常与连岛桥、海岸防护等工程构成复杂的人工岛工程系统,科学评估人工岛与多工程对周围海域潮流动力的影响,对海洋空间资源的开发与利用具有重要的指导意义。以海南三亚新机场工程为对象,建立了工程海域潮流数学模型,采用实测的潮位、流速、流向数据对模型进行了验证,模拟研究了人工岛、离岸潜堤和连岛桥等多工程作用下的潮流场响应特性。结果表明：工程海域的主体潮流特征为往复流,人工岛建设后其周围产生绕流,人工岛东北偏北和西南偏南两侧流速增大,西北偏西和东南偏东两侧形成缓流区,流速显著减小;弧形离岸潜堤修建后,其南北两侧由于绕流作用流速增大,弧内与东西两侧因阻水影响流速减小;连岛桥建设对潮流场的影响相对较小,主要表现为连岛桥背流侧的流速总体减小,而在人工岛与离岸潜堤的部分掩护区域,连岛桥则会导致流速有所增加。总体而言,在人工岛、离岸潜堤和连岛桥的共同作用下,工程海域潮流动力的时空变化将更为复杂,工程对不同位置处水流运动的影响规律存在明显的差异。     

莺歌海离岸码头接岸方式对岸滩演变影响研究

依据海洋站多年波浪观测资料,采用波能平衡波浪数学模型与沿岸输沙公式相结合的方法对莺歌海离岸码头接岸工程实施引起的沿岸输沙量变化及岸线变形进行计算研究。计算结果表明,离岸码头接岸结构采用实体引堤将会切断沿岸堤两侧输沙通道,使得两侧岸滩沿堤以不同速率向海淤涨,破坏了附近天然沙滩的自然稳定状态,不利于海岸线的保护;当码头接岸结构调整为透空结构后,工程区海岸线变化幅度较小,有利于维持岸滩稳定。     

直立式外堤断面的模型试验研究

我国某港地处敞海,必需修筑外堤加以防护。根据设计,堤前最大水深约与波浪破碎临 界水深相等。鉴于立波,破碎波、击岸波三者的性质回异,它们对建筑物的作用力也相差很 大,因此如何正确地判明建堤后堤前波浪的性质及其对建筑物的作用,在工程设计上具有重 大的意义。但这个问题目前正是波浪理论中的薄弱环节,迫切需要进行试验研究。 本试验通过模型观察和测压分析表明,在平缓底坡［１／３００］埋入基床的情况下,当水深和 波浪要素改变时,堤前出现立波、击岸波以及局部破碎压力较小的过渡型波浪,通常所称的 破碎波不会出现。从这些现象中可以了解到堤前波浪破碎的临界水深不仅与波高有关,而且 是波浪陡度的函数。 由堤面波压力测量结果可以看出,天论立波,击岸波或过渡型波浪时,最大波压力都不 在波峰击堤时出现,而有某些超前,立波则有两个压力峰。当胸墙位于堤的中部时,它遭受 到很大的波压力,并且具有明显的冲击性,同时堤顶前缘出现局部负压区,对堤的工作情况 不利,但此时堤上的波浪总压力有一些减小。 在实验中还测量了波浪作用下的堤底浮托力和堤前的底流速。     

射阳海岸带修复工程效果数值模拟研究

近年来受黄河三角洲区域侵蚀影响，射阳海岸带湿地面积急剧减小，急需开展生态整治修复工程.应用河口海岸潮流泥沙数值模拟系统，计算分析项目建设前后海洋水文动力和泥沙冲淤环境改变，并通过物模试验进一步验证海床冲淤情况.模型计算结果表明项目建设后，潜堤两侧流速及堤后波高也出现不同程度的减小，有利于形成堤内侧床面增积的状态，潜堤内床面增加的年淤积厚度约0.02～0.45 m，工程岸段逐渐向冲淤平衡或微冲微淤状态发展.堤后波能降低，阻挡了波浪对海堤的侵蚀，近岸冲刷幅度均有降低.物模试验结果表明方案实施后南侧、北侧堤后平均冲刷深度分别减小为0.03、0.02 m.根据研究结果可知该工程能发挥对内部潮滩的保护作用.     

核电站防波堤抗海啸漂浮物冲击数值模拟及分析

对海啸漂浮物冲击沿海防浪堤造成的结构安全问题,基于多物质ALE(Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)方法,利用带阻尼罚函数实现波浪、海啸漂浮物和防浪堤结构三者之间的耦合作用,建立三维数值冲击耦合模型,模拟了孤立波带动漂浮物冲击防浪堤结构的动态响应过程.首先通过物理模型试验验证所用数值方法的可靠性,在此基础上研究了防浪堤挡浪墙抗海上和陆上漂浮物的冲击能力,并且从漂浮物的质量、漂浮物距挡浪墙的距离等参数对冲击规律展开研究.结果表明,带漂浮物的海啸相比海啸波对结构更具破坏力;漂浮物质量和相对于防浪堤的初始位置对防浪堤的冲击响应有较大影响.     

海床演变对山海关旅游海滩生态修复工程的响应特征

针对海滩侵蚀问题展开了包括滩肩补沙和离岸潜堤在内的海滩修复工程.为评估工程效果,采用Delft3D软件建立了山海关海域的泥沙输运和海床演变模型,使用2015年至2016年的实测资料验证模型.基于验证后的数学模型对工程海域泥沙输运与海床演变变化特征进行分析.结果表明:工程引起了近岸区域泥沙浓度的减小,减小幅度随离岸距离的增大而减小.工程建设前工程海域的侵蚀较为严重,工程的建设大大减小了近岸海域的冲刷深度,有效地保护了工程岸段海滩.工程后冲淤变化幅度第1年最大,然后逐年减少.     

潜堤对平均沿岸流及波高和增减水的影响

潜堤是重要的水工建筑物,了解掌握潜堤对沿岸流及波高和增减水的影响相当重要。以梯形潜堤为实验对象,利用设置潜堤以及变换潜堤的离岸距离来分析潜堤对波高和增减水及平均沿岸流的影响。通过分析得出:设置潜堤会使得波浪破碎后波高分布有向岸偏移的趋势,同时会使得波浪由减水转为增水的过程曲线变陡,但该趋势不如流速分布变化趋势明显。平均沿岸流变化趋势与之类似,且更易观察到。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.