纳米Al2O3改性酚醛树脂在汽车制动摩擦材料上的应用

用偶联剂KH570对纳米Al2O3进行表面处理,经透射电镜检测,发现纳米Al2O3能够均匀有效地分散在酚醛树脂中,并确定了纳米Al2O3质量为树脂质量的6%时分散性最好.运用共混的方法,对酚醛树脂进行纳米Al2O3改性处理,分析了纳米Al2O3的质量为树脂质量的2%,4%,6%,8%和10%时,改性酚醛树脂对汽车制动摩擦材料性能的影响.结果表明:经过表面处理的纳米Al2O3改性醛醛树脂,当纳米Al2O3质量为树脂质量的6%时,酚醛树脂的性能提升最明显,酚醛树脂的热分解温度提高了41℃,且降低失重率,纳米Al2O3改性酚醛树脂制备的摩擦材料的摩擦系数最稳定,具有较低的磨损率.     

偶联剂改性纳米Al2O3粒子对NBR改性酚醛树脂摩擦磨损性能的影响研究

通过对比试验,研究偶联剂改性纳米Al2O3粒子对丁腈改性酚醛树脂摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:铝锆偶联剂添加到纳米Al2O3粒子改性丁腈酚醛可显著提高酚醛树脂的耐热性、增加摩擦系数、降低磨损率。     

偶联剂改性纳米Al2O3粒子对NBR改性酚醛树脂磨擦磨损性能的影响研究

通过对比试验,研究偶联剂改性纳米Al2O3粒子对丁腈改性酚醛树脂摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:铝锆偶联剂添加到纳米Al2O3粒子改性丁腈酚醛可显著提高酚醛树脂的耐热性、增加摩擦系数、降低磨损率.     

桐油改性酚醛树脂摩阻材料的研究

采用改进的工艺方法合成了桐油改性酚醛树脂,将其作为粘合剂制备了摩阻材料。试验表明:酚醛树脂经改性后,树脂及材料的性能均得到较大的改善;与其他改性方法的材料相比,摩擦系数较高而稳定。表面分析提示这种材料的热分解温度较高、热摩损较小,而低温下的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损略高。探讨了摩擦前后表面层组成和结构的变化。     

纳米Al_2O_3改性酚醛树脂的摩擦磨损性能研究

利用专利中所述的方法制备纳米Al2O3含量为酚醛树脂5%的纳米改性酚醛树脂。通过SEM分析其显微结构;并用该纳米改性酚醛树脂材料进行摩擦磨损试验,分析其热衰退性能。结果表明:纳米粉在酚醛树脂中的分散情况较好。纳米改性酚醛树脂较纯酚醛树脂的热衰退和耐磨性有很大提高。     

环氧大豆油扩链内增韧酚醛树脂的合成与应用

合成了一种具有优异韧性和热稳定性的覆铜板用环氧大豆油内增韧改性酚醛树脂.采用FTIR表征了改性酚醛树脂的分子结构,用SEM观察了改性酚醛树脂样品冲击断面的微观形貌,并对改性酚醛树脂制备的覆铜板的性能进行了研究,以获得最佳的合成工艺.文中还对改性酚醛树脂的增韧机理进行了探讨,发现其主要反应机理为:部分环氧大豆油在叔胺催化下与酚羟基进行醚化反应,同时环氧大豆油与多元胺发生扩链反应,最终生成与酚醛预聚体接枝的长链环氧大豆油环氧树脂.当环氧大豆油添加量为30%、固化剂含量达7%时,树脂的综合性能较佳.扩链后的环氧大豆油具有显著的增韧作用,它与酚醛树脂构成内增韧的交联网络,内增韧结构对改善覆铜板的耐焊性起着关键作用.     

影响苯胺改性酚醛模塑料冲击强度的因素分析

通过试验对苯胺改性酚醛模塑料冲击强度的因素进行分析,试验表明:选择成型时间在70￣80s的苯胺改性酚醛树脂、粘度在40￣46秒的普通酚醛树脂,两种树脂比例在7:3左右、纤维的比例在35%￣40%、增强剂A的比例在2%左右,可使苯胺改性酚醛模塑料的冲击强度大约达到8kJ/m2。     

纳米铜对酚醛树脂及摩擦材料性能的影响

采用原位同生法成功地制备了纳米铜改性酚醛树脂.利用X射线衍射分析和透射电子显微镜对所制备的树脂进行了表征,结果显示酚醛树脂中的纳米铜粒子分散良好,粒径为10～40nm.通过热重分析、冲击试验和摩擦试验,分别研究了纳米铜对酚醛树脂及摩擦材料性能的影响,结果表明:随纳米铜含量的增加,酚醛树脂的初始分解温度和半分解温度先升高后降低,在其质量分数为7%时分别达到最大值;随纳米铜含量的增加,摩擦材料的冲击强度先增大后下降,在其质量分数为5%时达到最大值;纳米铜可改善摩擦材料的摩擦磨损性能,尤其在高温下可使摩擦材料的热衰退明显减轻,磨损率显著下降.     

纳米硼酸锌4ZnO·B2O3·H2O/酚醛树脂复合材料的合成及其阻燃性能研究

为了进一步提高酚醛树脂的阻燃性能,在酚醛树脂中填充纳米硼酸锌4ZnO·B2O3·H2O粒子对其进行改性.实验中采用苯酚、甲醛和自制改性纳米硼酸锌为原料通过原位合成法制备了纳米硼酸锌4ZnO·B2O3·H2O/酚醛树脂复合材料,通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、热重-差热分析(TG-DTA)和氧指数测定仪(LOI)对复合材料进行表征和测试.结果表明,添加纳米硼酸锌4ZnO·B2O3·H2O后,酚醛树脂的热稳定性有了明显提高,特别是当添加量为7%时,复合材料氧指数达到最大值46.3,酚醛树脂的阻燃性能显著提高.     

新型矿用酚醛泡沫材料研究

矿用材料的性能对于矿山安全具有重要作用,而酚醛泡沫材料是其中应用广泛的一种,但酚醛泡沫材料的脆性限制了其在矿山上的应用,为了获得具有韧性的新型酚醛泡沫材料,对酚醛泡沫材料进行了改性研究。在酚醛树脂脱水阶段加入一定量的聚乙二醇,得到增韧改性后的酚醛树脂。再通过加入发泡剂、固化剂、表面活性剂发泡得到增韧的酚醛泡沫,然后测试聚乙二醇对酚醛泡沫力学性能的影响,研究得出,当聚乙二醇用量为2%并且分子量为1 000时,酚醛泡沫增韧效果达到最佳。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to