应力路径对粉土力学特性的影响试验

应力路径是影响土体强度和变形特性的重要因素,本文利用GDSTAS全自动三轴仪对苏北地区的粉土开展常规三轴压缩、减压三轴压缩、等压压缩3种应力路径的力学特性试验。结果表明:应力路径对粉土应力-应变特性影响显著,常规三轴压缩应力路径下应力-应变特性因围压大小而不同,等压压缩应力路径和减压压缩应力路径下粉土应力-应变特性都为应变软化型,但软化程度不同;不同应力路径下粉土的应力-应变特性可采用应变软化模型和双曲线模型进行拟合,拟合结果较好;相同围压下,常规三轴压缩应力路径下粉土强度最大,轴向应变的变化速率最快,等压压缩应力路径粉土强度次之,减压压缩应力路径强度最低,轴向应变的变化速率最慢。研究结果能为工程中不同应力路径下粉土地基设计计算提供较为可靠的力学指标。     

应力路径对重塑黏土有效抗剪强度参数的影响

为探讨应力路径对黏土有效抗剪强度参数的影响,即临界状态线的惟一性问题,在确保试样的初始状态、应力历史、排水条件、加荷速率、试验仪器、破坏取值标准均一致的前提下,进行了常规三轴压缩与等p三轴压缩应力路径下同种重塑黏土的固结排水剪切试验.得到了两种应力路径下的有效抗剪强度参数和临界状态线参数,试验结果证实不同应力路径下重塑黏土有效抗剪强度参数有较大差别,临界状态线不惟一.定性分析表明:相对于常规三轴压缩路径,重塑黏土在等p三轴压缩路径下具有较低、有效内摩擦角的原因是剪切过程中围压的降低造成侧向卸荷引起的土体抗剪能力下降;产生凝聚力的原因是在排水剪切过程中存在超固结效应.     

基坑支护结构上的水土压力试验及计算

为研究应力路径对土体强度参数的影响,进行了模拟基坑开挖的室内模型试验。通过常规三轴压缩试验和减压三轴压缩试验分别获取土样在两种不同应力路径时的强度指标,分别用于计算模型试验支护结构上的水土压力,并与模型试验结果进行分析比较。结果表明:减压三轴试验的应力路径与模型试验的应力路径基本一致;采用减压三轴强度指标计算得到的水土压力比用常规三轴强度指标得到的要小,也更接近试验结果。     

一般应力条件下土的抗剪强度参数探讨

土的抗剪强度指标一般通过室内常规土工三轴压缩剪切试验获得,但实际工程中土体并不处于这种理想的轴对称应力状态。因此,研究一般应力条件下与三轴应力条件下强度参数之间的相互关系十分必要。针对不同中主应力系数,基于推广的空间准滑动面强度准则即SMP准则及广义Mises准则,通过理论分析建立了各种应力状态下一般粘性土强度参数之间的换算关系,比较了不同中主应力系数情况下和平面应变条件下的强度参数。结果表明,中主应力系数对土的抗剪强度具有比较显著的影响。     

基坑开挖应力路径对土体变形影响试验研究

针对基坑开挖过程中复杂应力路径对土体变形特性影响情况开展研究.通过室内试验对基坑开挖全过程进行了模拟,探讨了复杂应力路径下原状土应力-应变关系及孔隙水压变化特征;并对比分析了常规三轴压缩试验与应力路径试验下土体变形性状的差异.试验结果表明:土体的应力-应变关系和孔隙压力受应力路径和初始固结应力的影响明显;常规三轴压缩试验与应力路径试验下的土体应力-应变关系存在较大差异.     

不同应力路径下改性粉土的力学特性

选取江苏宿迁地区的粉土为研究对象,采用聚丙烯酰胺和硅酸钠对其进行改性,分别对粉土和改性粉土进行常规三轴压缩试验(CTC)、等压压缩试验(TC)和减压压缩试验(RTC)的研究,对比改性前后粉土的变形特性。研究结果表明:应力路径对粉土及改性粉土的力学特性均产生影响,同一围压下,常规三轴应力路径下的偏应力最大,等压压缩应力路径次之,减压压缩应力路径最小,应力-应变曲线均呈非线性变化;相同应力路径、相同围压、改性粉土与粉土相比,偏应力有不同程度的提高;采用软化模型和邓肯-张模型对粉土及改性粉土进行应力-应变关系曲线模拟,拟合效果较好,而且模型参数因函数模型、应力路径、围压而各不相同。     

不同应力路径及颗粒级配下青岛海砂试验研究

进行青岛海砂在不同应力路径下的三轴试验.利用GDS三轴试验系统,得到青岛海砂的应力-应变曲线,分析青岛海砂在不同应力路径下力学响应的细观机理.分别探讨了标准三轴路径、等p路径、被动压缩路径、等主应力比路径下青岛海砂的力学性质.将不同应力路径下青岛海砂的应力-应变曲线进行对比,分析不同应力路径和颗粒级配对青岛海砂力学性质的影响.标准三轴路径下青岛海砂的峰值强度最高,等p路径下次之,被动压缩路径下最低;被动压缩路径下体应变值最大,等p路径次之,标准三轴试验最小.这说明随着围压的增大,砂土强度值逐渐增大,体应变值会逐渐减小.颗粒级配对峰值强度有一定影响,但对剪胀量的影响不明显.     

聚苯乙烯轻质混合土三轴压缩试验研究

对不同水泥掺入比、不同密度和不同龄期的聚苯乙烯轻质混合土,进行不固结不排水和固结不排水常规三轴压缩试验,以研究聚苯乙烯轻质混合土应力应变特性的变化规律和抗剪强度指标的确定方法．试验结果表明,水泥掺入比、密度和龄期,对不固结不排水和固结不排水三轴压缩试验的应力应变特性和抗剪强度指标c,φ的大小有不同程度的影响。     

盾构施工扰动土体强度及变形特性试验研究

依托无锡地铁1号线盾构区间开挖工程,利用先进的GDS应力路径三轴仪,根据盾构施工周边不同区域内土体的扰动特点,开展了一系列不同应力路径下原状软黏土固结不排水三轴试验,并对其土体强度和变形特性进行了详细分析.研究表明:不同应力路径下土体强度不同,加载应力路径下的强度大于卸载应力路径下的强度;压缩应力路径土体屈服时其应变比拉伸应力路径大,强度也较高.因此,在盾构施工中更需要关注卸载区域土体的安全.     

饱和粘性土的抗剪强度及应力路径探讨

主要根据饱和土的有效应力原理及应力历史，探讨饱和粘性土的抗剪强度及应力路径，讨论了不同边界条件下饱和粘性土的抗剪强度及相互关系，给出了不同的应力路径，指出了不同边界条件具有不同的应力状态，应力状态不同具有不同的应力路径，土体变形强度与应力有关，与应力历史有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.