Geobacter metallireducens异化还原铁氧化物三种方式

异化金属还原菌通过络和剂、电子传递中间体、直接接触三种方式异化还原金属氧化矿.以Geobacter metallireducens还原铁氧化物为实验体系,利用微生物燃料电池考察了以上三种方式对异化还原铁氧化物的影响.结果表明,微生物异化还原铁氧化矿时,NTA,AQDS在初始阶段显著加速铁氧化物的还原,但也加速磁铁矿的生成,阻碍反应继续进行;直接接触方式起着重要作用,吸附形成的生物膜是一个关键因素,其形成是一个相对较长的过程.生物膜的形成阻碍电子传递中间体发挥作用.     

Extracellular electron transfer via microbial nanowires

Microbes that can transfer electrons to extracellular electron acceptors, such as Fe(iii) oxides, are important in organic matter degradation and nutrient cycling in soils and sediments. Previous investigations on electron transfer to Fe(iii) have focused on the role of outer-membrane c-type cytochromes. However, some Fe(iii) reducers lack c-cytochromes. Geobacter species, which are the predominant Fe(iii) reducers in many environments, must directly contact Fe(iii) oxides to reduce them, and produce monolateral pili that were proposed, on the basis of the role of pili in other organisms, to aid in establishing contact with the Fe(iii) oxides. Here we report that a pilus-deficient mutant of Geobacter sulfurreducens could not reduce Fe(iii) oxides but could attach to them. Conducting-probe atomic force microscopy revealed that the pili were highly conductive. These results indicate that the pili of G. sulfurreducens might serve as biological nanowires, transferring electrons from the cell surface to the surface of Fe(iii) oxides. Electron transfer through pili indicates possibilities for other unique cell-surface and cell-cell interactions, and for bioengineering of novel conductive materials.     

实验室制备的铁、锰氧化物与自然水体生物膜中相应组分吸附铅、镉特征比较

用实验室制备的无定形铁、锰氧化物吸附铅、镉,结果表明：实验室制备的无定形铁氧化物与自然水体生物膜中的铁氧化物吸附铅的能力接近,锰氧化物能够较好地模拟自然水体中生物膜中的锰氧化物吸附镉的行为.     

THE EFFECT OF TRANSITION METAL IONS-MANGANESE ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE BLEACHING

INTRODUCTIONHydrogen peroxide bleaching has been extensively used in high-yield pulp bleaching. It is well known that hydrogen peroxide can be decomposed under alkaline conditions, especially when transition metal ions are present. Recent studies showed that valence of transition metal ions is a significant factor in these reactions.Among various transition metal ions, manganese ions are the most harmful species during alkaline peroxide bleaching. Manganese has seven valence electrons (3d…     

Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO-SiO_2-FeO oxides and an Fe-Mn-Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K

To clarify the influence of Fe O and sulfur on solid state reaction between an Fe-Mn-Si alloy and Mn O-Si O2-Fe O oxides under the restricted oxygen diffusion flux, two diffusion couples with different sulfur contents in the oxides were produced and investigated after heat treatment at 1473 K. The experimental results were also compared with previous work in which the oxides contained higher Fe O. It was found that although the Fe O content in the oxides decreased from 3wt% to 1wt% which was lower than the content corresponding to the equilibrium with molten steel at 1873 K, excess oxygen still diffused from the oxides to solid steel during heat treatment at 1473 K and formed oxide particles. In addition, increasing the sulfur content in the oxides was observed to suppress the diffusion of oxygen between the alloy and the oxides.     

自然水体生物膜中铁、锰氧化物的形态分析

利用逐级提取法分析了向海湿地水环境培养的生物膜上铁、 锰氧化物的形态, 结果表明, 不同类型水环境培养的生物膜上铁氧化物的存在形态以铁锰氧化物结合态为主 , 而锰氧化物的存在形态以有机质结合态为主, 生物膜上铁、 锰氧化物的存在形态是膜上铁氧化物吸附镉、 锰氧化物吸附铅相对吸附能力存在较大差异的原因.     

尖晶石结构氧化物材料的制备及红外光谱研究

以铜、铁、锰的氧化物和Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料,在1150℃的温度下采用固态反应法,制备了尖晶石结构为主相的氧化物材料,研究了处理温度、厚度、配比、颗粒度等对红外发射率的影响.材料的高温红外发射率可能归因于氧化物材料的尖晶石结构.     

Interactively interfacial reaction of iron-reducing bacterium and goethite for reductive dechlorination of chlorinated organic compounds

The interactively interfacial reactions between the iron-reducing bacterium （Shewanella decolorationis, S12） and iron oxide （α-FeOOH） were investigated to determine reductive dechlorination transformation of chlorinated organic compounds （chloroform and pentachlorophenol）. The results showed that the interactive system of S12＋ α-FeOOH exhibited relatively high dechlorination rate. By comparison, the S12 biotic system alone had no obvious dechlorination, and the α-FeOOH abiotic system showed low dechlorination rate. The enhanced dechlorination of chloroform and pentachlorophenol in the interactive system of S12＋α-FeOOH was derived from the promoted generation of adsorbed Fe（Ⅱ） by S12. A decrease in redox potential of the Fe （Ⅲ）/Fe （Ⅱ） couple in the interactive reaction system was determined by cyclic voltammetry. Our results will give new insight into interactively interfacial reaction between iron-reducing bacterium and iron oxides for degradation of chlorinated organic compounds under anaerobic condition.     

Availability and toxicity of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in Caco-2 cells

The objective of the present study was to compare the toxicity and availability of Fe(II) and Fe(III) to Caco-2 cells. Cellular damage was studied by measuring cell proliferation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The activities of two major antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and differentiation marker (alkaline phosphatase) were determined after the cells were exposed to different levels of iron salts. The cellular iron concentration was investigated to evaluate iron bioavailability. The results show that iron uptake of the cells treated with Fe(II) is significantly higher than that of the cells treated with Fe(III) (P<0.05). Fe(II) at a concentration >1.5 mmol/L was found to be more effective in reducing cellular viability than Fe(III). LDH release investigation suggests that Fe(II) can reduce stability of the cell membrane. The activities of SOD and GPx of the cells treated with Fe(II) were higher than those of the cells treated with Fe(III), although both of them increased with raising iron supply levels. The results indicate that both Fe(II) and Fe(III) could reduce the cellular antioxidase gene expression at high levels.     

利用微生物电池研究微生物在矿物表面电子传递过程

利用微生物电池对微生物在矿物表面电子传递的过程进行了实验研究. 结果表明:Geobacter metallireducens还原Fe(OH)3过程中直接接触方式起着重要作用,而微生物在矿物表面吸附形成的生物膜是一个关键因素,生物膜的形成又是一个相对较长的过程;细胞在固体表面的吸附并成膜是一种重要的代谢途径,而电子传递中间体AQDS虽然能在初期有效加快还原速率,但是当细胞吸附完成后,其作用就不再显著了,说明微生物催化矿物氧化还原反应动力学受生物膜控制. 加速微生物在矿物表面成膜及保持其稳定性是影响微生物浸矿速率的重要因素.     

分光光度法快速测定工业废水中的镍含量

通过试验确定了一种工业废水中镍含量的快速测定方法。先用过硫酸铵将废水中镍(Ⅱ)氧化为镍(Ⅳ)、铁(Ⅱ)氧化为铁(Ⅲ),再用柠檬酸铵掩蔽铁(Ⅲ)、铜(Ⅱ)离子,在pH=10条件下直接用丁二铜肟分光光度法测定工业废水中的镍含量。考察入射光波长、显色剂用量、溶液酸度等因素对吸光度的影响;在废水中加入镍标准溶液进行测定,结果表明加标回收率在98.3%-104.5%之间。此法不需沉淀与灼烧或萃取分离步骤,具有简便、快速、准确的特点。     

Influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between MnO-SiO2-FeO oxides and an Fe-Mn-Si solid alloy during heat treatment at 1473 K

To clarify the influence of FeO and sulfur on solid state reaction between an Fe?Mn?Si alloy and MnO?SiO2?FeO oxides under the restricted oxygen diffusion flux, two diffusion couples with different sulfur contents in the oxides were produced and investigated after heat treatment at 1473 K. The experimental results were also compared with previous work in which the oxides contained higher FeO. It was found that although the FeO content in the oxides decreased from 3wt% to 1wt% which was lower than the content corresponding to the equilibrium with molten steel at 1873 K, excess oxygen still diffused from the oxides to solid steel during heat treatment at 1473 K and formed oxide particles. In addition, increasing the sulfur content in the oxides was observed to suppress the diffusion of oxygen between the alloy and the oxides.     

复合物的 制备及苋菜红降解性能的研究

本文利用超声分散和溶液沸腾法制备TiO2,CeO2/TiO2和Fe2O3/TiO2复合物,在可见光的照射下,考察了苋菜红降解的效果,并利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对合成的光催化剂进行了表征. 另外,研究了TiO2,CeO2/TiO2和Fe2O3/TiO2复合物的用量、可见光照射时间、处理温度和处理时间等因素对苋菜红降解率的影响.结果表明,CeO2/TiO2复合物对降解染料表现出了更好的光催化活性.     

Natural Biodegradation of Phenolic Compounds in Groundwater

IntroductionThere is increasing interest in naturalattenuation (NA) as a remedial option in the risk-based management of groundwater resources.NAis the net effect of all the processes thatreduce theconcentration of a pollutant to an acceptable levelbefore the water reaches a receptor,such as adrinking- water supply or a river.These processesinclude dispersion and dilution,volatilisation,sorption and other chemical reactions,andbiodegradation. For many pollutants,biodegradation is the most im…     

水温对自然水体生物膜上铁、锰氧化物形成过程的影响

利用自然水体培养的生物膜进行膜上铁、锰氧化物含量变化的分析。结果表明,用于培养生物膜的水体温度对膜上铁、锰氧化物的形成影响很大,并与膜上铁、锰氧化物的含量呈显的线性关系。     

Coupling and feedback between iron and sulphur in air-sea exchange

Iron in surface seawater has been demonstrated to be the limiting nutrient factor for primary productivity in certain oceanic regions where other major nutrients are abundant[1—5]. The available Fe to the phytoplankton in seawater is related to the uptake of carbon dioxide through the ocean and, in turn, to the global greenhouse effect[6—11]. Recent reports showed that the available Fe in the seawater is closely correlative to nitrogen fixation in the ocean[12—17]. Understanding which Fe s…     

NaCl?CaCl2熔盐回收废旧锰酸锂电池中金属锰的电化学方法

750°C条件下NaCl?CaCl₂熔融盐中直接电解还原LiMn₂O₄回收金属锰为废旧锂离子电池的回收提供了新的思路。采用电化学手段研究LiMn₂O₄在涂覆电极表面的还原过程，结果显示，锰酸锂的还原过程是分步进行的，还原过程为Mn(IV) → Mn(III) → Mn(II) → Mn；在电脱氧12 h条件下，0.5?3 V的产物为CaMn₂O₄、MnO、(MnO)_x(CaO)_1?x、Mn，电解电压达到电压在2.6 V时单质锰出现，增加电压可促进锰的脱氧进程。电脱氧随着三相界面的推进由外向芯部逐渐进行，当电压较大时会加快还原反应的动力学过程，并产生两个阶段的三相界面。     

长清产栝楼3个品系果皮的无机元素分析比较

为研究长清产栝楼3个品系果皮中无机元素的分布特征,采用电感耦合等离子质谱、电感耦合等离子光谱、原子荧光等方法对3个品系栝楼果皮中的20种元素进行了测定,并用SPSS统计分析软件对其进行双变量回归分析。发现不同品系栝楼果皮均含有Cu、 Zn、 Ca、 Mg、Mn、Fe等20种无机元素,但品系间含量有差异,大量元素除Mg、K外,品系I中N、 Ca、P、S含量均高于品系II、III;有益微量元素品系I中Fe、Mn、Cu、 Se含量高于品系II、III,品系II中B、Sr含量高于品系I、III,品系III中Zn、Ni、Mo含量高于品系I、II。栝楼果皮所测元素中共有35对元素呈现显著相关(P<0.05),22对元素呈现极显著相关(P<0.01)。3个品系栝楼果皮均含有多种对心血管疾病有疗效的无机元素,种质不同对其含量有影响。该研究旨在为进一步制定瓜蒌皮药材质量标准,了解瓜蒌皮的药用价值,选育优良品种提供参考。     

Directional electron transfer in ruthenium-modified horse heart cytochrome c

Cytochrome c can be modified by [(NH3)5RuII/III-] specifically at the imidazole moiety of histidine 33, and we have recently discussed the thermodynamics and kinetics of electron transfer within this modified protein. X-ray crystal structures of the oxidized and reduced forms of tuna cytochrome c indicate that the separation between the haem group of cytochrome c and the ruthenium label is 12-16 A. Internal electron transfer from the [(NH3)5RuII-] centre to the Fe(III) haem centre occurs with a rate constant k congruent to 53 s-1 (25 degrees C) (delta H = 3.5 kcal mol-1, delta S = -39 EU), as measured by pulse radiolysis. The measured unimolecular rate constant, k congruent to 53 s-1, is on the same timescale as a number of conformational changes that occur within the cytochrome c molecule. These results raise the question of whether electron transfer or protein conformational change is the rate limiting step in this process. We describe here an experiment that probes this intramolecular electron transfer step further. It involves reversing the direction of electron transfer by changing the redox potential of the ruthenium label. Electron transfer in the new ruthenium-cytochrome c derivative described here is from haem(II) to the Ru(III) label, whereas in (NH3)5Ru-cytochrome c the electron transfer is from Ru(II) to haem(III). Intramolecular electron transfer from haem(II) to Ru(III) in the new ruthenium-cytochrome c described here proceeds much slower (greater than 10(5) times) than the electron transfer from Ru(II) to haem(III) in the (NH3)5Ru-cytochrome c. We therefore conclude that electron transfer in cytochrome c is directional, with the protein envelope presumably involved in this directionality.     

Desulfovibrio dechloracetivorans strain SF3三价铁还原酶的定位和性质的研究

生理和生化实验结果表明Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA是SF3偏好的一种可溶性三价铁.连二亚硫酸盐还原后的SF3经过可溶性三价铁氧化后,其紫外可见光谱显示c型细胞色素参与了三价铁的还原过程. 铁还原酶的定位实验说明87%的铁还原酶活性定位于细胞可溶性组分,74%的活性分布于原生质体中,这种分布情况可能与一种和其他细菌不同的铁还原机制有关. SF3的铁还原酶在25 ℃, pH 7 4时显示最高活性,并且在氧气中表现出较强的稳定性.