外加电场下激光诱导Al等离子体特性的实验研究

由Q-Nd∶YAG脉冲激光(波长1.06μm,脉宽10 ns)烧蚀Al靶产生等离子体.观测了在低气压和直流电场条件下的Al等离子体发射光谱.研究了激光功率密度和直流电场对各谱线强度的影响,分析了等离子体电子温度与激光能量之间的变化规律.结果表明,直流电场对铝原子谱线和离子谱线强度有显著的增强作用,铝等离子体的电子温度随激光功率密度持续增长.     

激光诱导Cu等离子体发射光谱特性的实验研究

通过实验研究了Ar气下激光诱导Cu等离子体的空间分辨发射光谱.采用的激光能量为350 mJ/pulse,波长范围为440~540 nm.在局部热力学平衡(LTE)条件下,根据谱线的相对强度,得到了等离子体的电子温度在104K以上.研究了原子发射谱线强度、电子温度和半高全宽(FWHM)随空间、缓冲气体压力变化的规律.结果表明,在Ar气中压力分别为100 kPa和50 kPa相比,铜的原子特征谱强度降低而连续谱和氩离子谱线强度增加.同时缓冲气压的增大导致谱线展宽的增大.     

空气中激光聚焦位置对Cu等离子体光谱的影响

利用Nd:YAG脉冲激光烧蚀金属Cu靶,观测了在空气中产生的等离子体发射光谱;通过改变激光聚焦点到靶面的距离,研究了激光聚焦位置改变时等离子体光谱空间演化规律;由NⅡ500.52 nm谱线的相对强度和半高全宽随激光功率密度的演化规律,讨论了空气中激光聚焦位置对等离子体光谱的影响. 结果发现,光谱的相对强度和光谱结构强烈地依赖于透镜与靶面间距离的现象可以从激光功率密度的角度予以解释.     

激光诱导Ni等离子体电子温度、电子密度的空间演化特性研究

在350-600nm波长范围内测定了激光烧蚀Ni等离子体中Ni原子的空间分辨发射光谱.由发射光谱线的强度和STARK展宽分别计算了等离子体电子温度和电子密度,并由实验结果讨论了激光等离子体的空间演化特性.     

激光诱导Al等离子体温度的测定及时间变化特性研究

利用ＹＡＧ激光烧蚀Ａｌ靶产生３条ＡｌⅢ等离子体谱线（４５２．９２，４５１．２５，４１５．０１ｎｍ）。在局部热力学平衡近似下，测试得到：在激光能量为３７ｍＪ／ｐｕｌｓｅ时，等离子体电子温度在１５０００Ｋ附近抖动，且随延迟时间无明显变化；在激光能量为６２ｍＪ／ｐｕｌｓｅ下，电子温度上升至１７５００Ｋ附近，但随延迟时间有较为明显的波动现象。利用玻尔兹曼图，测得ＡｌⅢ谱线４４７．９９ｎｍ（４ｆ＾２Ｆ７／２     

激光产生的硫等离子体2s—2p光谱及分析模拟

利用双脉冲激光等离子体光谱技术测量了激光作用于高纯度硫靶产生的16~24nm波段的发射光谱,分析发现谱线主要来自Sq+(q=7,8,9,10)离子的2s—2p跃迁.基于稳态碰撞辐射模型和激发态离子数布局满足归一化玻尔兹曼分布的假设,计算了不同离化态硫离子在不同等离子体温度和电子密度下的布居数,在不同电子温度下模拟了等离子体光谱,并通过与实验光谱比较确定了等离子体参数.     

等电子谱线法诊断等离子体电子温度实验研究

在"星光Ⅱ”激光装置上对Mg/Al混合材料平面靶和Mg/Al示踪层金盘靶进行三倍频激光打靶实验,用平面晶体谱仪测量靶材料发射的X光光谱,获取了示踪离子谱线实验数据.采用多组态Dirac-Fock方法计算所需原子参数,并在局域热动平衡条件下建立了双示踪离子谱线强度比随电子温度变化关系.在此基础上由双示踪元素等电子谱线法确定了Mg/Al混合材料平面靶及金盘靶激光等离子体的电子温度.     

等离子体电子温度的光谱计算

文章介绍了在满足局部热力学平衡条件下测定等离子体电子温度的谱线绝对强度法、双谱线法、多谱线斜率法、双示宗元素等电子谱线法、Saha法等多种发射光谱法,并探讨了这些方法在等离子体电子温度诊断中的应用,旨在为实际电子温度的计算过程中选择合适的等离子体诊断方法提供参考.     

激光大气等离子体电子温度的空间分布特性

利用Nd：YAG激光器产生的1．06μm激光束（脉冲能量为500mJ，脉冲宽度为10ns，重复频率为10Hz）聚焦形成长约为8cm直径为5cm的激光大气等离子体柱，用光谱测量的方法，分别治平行于激光柬方向和垂直于激光束方向探测了该等离子体柱的空间分辨光谱，并由此反演得出电子温度空间分布特性．实验结果表明：激光大气等离子体中各种离子和电子呈橄榄形分布，即沿激光束方向分布不对称，而垂直激光柬方向对称分布，最高电子温度约为3000K．此结果对了解激光大气等离子体中各种处在不同状态的原子、分子和离子的空间分布特性提供了依据，进一步揭示了激光大气等离子体的微观结构．     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术的水垢成分分析

将1064nm激光聚焦到水垢上产生等离子体,通过分析水垢等离子体光谱,定性地证认元素钙和镁．通过10条钙原子谱线的Bohzmann图,计算得到水垢等离子体的电子温度是4793K．通过测量镁原子谱线285．21nm的Stark展宽,求得水垢等离子体的电子密度是6．1×1018cm-1．实验结果表明,激光诱导产生的水垢等离子体满足局部热力学平衡模型,并处于光学薄状态,等离子体的频率是2．2×1013Hz,韧制吸收系数为8．87cm-1．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.