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1.
基于大气环境下混凝土强度的衰减模型和钢筋的锈蚀模型,考虑材料性能、几何参数和计算模式的不定性,建立了服役RC桥梁加固前和加固后的抗力时变模型。并结合一座实桥运用JC验算点法,计算出了服役50年的桥梁在加固前和加固后的可靠度指标,加固前可靠度指标降为3.576 4,通过碳纤维板加固后可靠度指标提升至4.611,满足了规范对可靠度指标的要求,且在今后50年服役中都能满足可靠度要求。算例分析表明该加固方案是可行的。最后对恒载的变异系数和活载的变异系数进行了分析,发现汽车活载对可靠度指标的影响最大,验证了交通量的变化是影响目前桥梁结构功能退化的主要原因这一结论。  相似文献   

2.
通过分析混凝土结构耐久性退化原理,得到钢筋和混凝土材料性能的时变过程,进一步建立抗力与荷载的随机过程.通过将设计基准期等分成N段,求得每段内的可靠度,根据可靠度的概率意义得到时变可靠指标.比较了JC法与蒙特卡罗抽样法的计算精度,结果表明可以用JC法代替蒙特卡罗法计算时变可靠度指标.研究了混凝土保护层厚度和荷载变化对时变可靠指标的影响.  相似文献   

3.
为了对既有结构的可靠性进行正确评估,必须考虑时间变化的影响,对目前可靠度分析中采用的只考虑荷载随时间变化的半随机过程模型进行改进。基于结构抗力和作用效应相互独立的基本假设,充分依据作用效应和抗力的时变特性,考虑结构抗力为独立增量过程,并计算了抗力的自相关系数,得到了计算结构失效概率的近似算法,建立了结构时变可靠度计算的全随机过程模型。通过实例验证,该方法简单易行,便于工程应用,为基于时变可靠度理论的既有结构评估和寿命预测提供理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
疲劳损伤和大气腐蚀作用致使斜拉索性能退化,影响斜拉桥运营期的安全水平.为了分析拉索抗力退化对斜拉桥体系可靠度的影响,建立了斜拉索抗力退化的串并联概率模型,提出基于机器学习的斜拉桥时变体系可靠度分析方法.以经典斜拉桥和某大跨度双塔混凝土斜拉桥为工程背景,研究了考虑拉索抗力退化的结构时变体系可靠度.研究结果表明:对于稀索体系的小跨度斜拉桥,随着斜拉索抗力的逐步退化,桥梁结构体系的主要的失效路径为由梁和塔的弯曲失效逐渐转变为由拉索腐蚀引起的拉索强度失效;当拉索抗力退化后的可靠度低于主梁关键截面可靠度时,结构体系可靠度将显著降低;对于密索体系的大跨度斜拉桥,在拉索疲劳和腐蚀共同作用下,该斜拉桥体系可靠指标将在29年降低到5.2.  相似文献   

5.
文章在研究了既有预应力混凝土桥梁抗力和荷载时变特性的基础上,建立了现有预应力混凝土桥梁抗弯承载能力的时变可靠度计算模型,讨论了结构时变可靠度的计算方法,编制了可靠度计算实用分析程序,计算了时变可靠度指标,以我国高速公路桥梁中广泛应用的多座预应力混凝土T梁桥为例,在考虑其抗力时变特性的理论基础上,研究承载能力可靠度的衰减规律。  相似文献   

6.
为建立台风作用下自攻钉节点灾后性能评估办法,首先基于风洞试验的屋面时程风压系数数据,结合模拟台风的风速和风向信息,利用雨流分析法计算台风过境期间的屋面风压系数矩阵,进而用于不同风速下的节点抗力退化模型计算.其次,结合台风荷载模型,采用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,获得沿海城市自攻钉节点的时变可靠度指标,从而实现基于概率的自攻钉节点抗风性能评估.此外,根据模拟台风方法给出模拟台风的风速及风向的解析解,同时得到了台风致自攻钉节点抗力退化数学模型.通过算例分析得出考虑自攻钉节点的台风致抗力退化会使其可靠度显著下降.在对轻钢屋面自攻钉节点进行可靠度评估时,按照我国规范中的目标可靠指标较为保守.  相似文献   

7.
考虑退化结构功能函数为随机过程,并考虑应力为滤过复合Weibull过程,由此导出一个时段内的时变可靠度公式.  相似文献   

8.
基于响应面和重要抽样法的隧道衬砌结构时变可靠度   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于隧道衬砌结构极限状态方程高度非线性,直接采用一般的可靠度计算方法得到的是几何可靠度,存在较大误差,需进行改进.结合响应面法和重要抽样两种方法,利用响应面法得到的验算点作为重要抽样法的抽样中心,进而求解结构的可靠度指标.在该理论的基础上,考虑结构抗力随时间衰减的因素,利用Matlab软件编制了隧道在服务寿命期限内的时变可靠度指标的计算程序,并通过回归分析,得到了时变可靠度指标随着时间呈指数递减的规律.通过耐久性系数与时变可靠度指标的对应关系,可得到衬砌结构任意时刻的耐久性系数,该系数则是衬砌结构耐久性设计的关键.该方法对功能函数高度非线性的工程较适用,并且为结构耐久性设计提供了基础.  相似文献   

9.
考虑验证荷载的既有结构可靠度计算   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
既有结构的可靠度与抗力衰减、抗力后验分布、活荷载取值有密切的关系.文中借助现行荷载规范活荷载的分布函数,采用极大似然估计法,推导了指数型抗力衰减函数的参数计算公式和验证荷载下的抗力后验分布函数计算公式.在综合考虑抗力衰减、抗力后验分布与活荷载取值3个因素的情况下,选取线性功能函数和非线性功能函数计算了恒载和活载共同作用下的可靠度.计算结果表明,影响既有结构可靠度的3个主要因素中,其显著性程度按照由高到低的次序是:抗力衰减、抗力后验分布、活荷载取值(与目标使用期有关).  相似文献   

10.
既有结构的可靠度与抗力衰减、抗力后验分布、活荷载取值有密切的关系,本文借助现行荷载规范活荷载的分布函数,采用极大似然估计法,推导了指数型抗力衰减函数的参数计算公式和验证荷载下的抗力后验分布函数计算公式,在综合考虑抗力衰减、抗力后验分布与活荷载取值三个因素下,选取了线性功能函数和非线性功能函数,考虑恒载和活载共同作用的可靠度计算。计算结果表明,影响既有结构可靠度的三个主要因素中,其显著性程度按照由高到低的次序是:抗力衰减、抗力后验分布、活荷载取值(与目标使用期有关)。  相似文献   

11.
Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.  相似文献   

12.
The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3~4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰~ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰~ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084~0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078~0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.  相似文献   

13.
何延凌 《科技信息》2008,(4):258-258
Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women's language from these perspectives: pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women's language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What's more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.  相似文献   

14.
AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…  相似文献   

15.
理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。  相似文献   

16.
As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.  相似文献   

17.
本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。  相似文献   

18.
There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.  相似文献   

19.
20.
The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to  相似文献   

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