竖炉冶炼铬铁新工艺炉渣对耐火材料侵蚀的理论分析

针对竖炉冶炼铬铁新工艺炉渣为典型酸性渣的特点,应用CaO-Al2O3-SiO2、MgO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系相图、CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系在1 500 ℃等温截面图,比较、分析了新工艺炉渣、高炉炼钢渣以及电炉冶炼高碳铬铁渣对硅酸铝质耐材侵蚀的影响,以此在理论上初步确定新工艺炉渣对耐材的侵蚀程度.     

广西高铁铝土矿中间渣的性质变化规律

通过对广西高铁铝土矿中间渣的成分和性质的分析,解析了其成分及性质的变化规律.广西高铁铝土矿烧结试验数据分析表明:广西高铁铝土矿所产生中间渣的熔化性温度比普通渣的温度高,粘度也增高,若使用碱性烧结矿更有利于成渣.由于Al2O3/SiO2高,炉渣在CaO-Al2O3-SiO2体系中熔点低,流动性好的区域内进行冶炼,同时炉渣的粘度会增加,这要求加入CaO来降低粘度.另一方面,高Al2O3增大了对炉渣碱度的要求,炉渣碱度应相应提高.     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2渣系熔化性能实验

含钛炉渣的研究往往关注于其对炼铁的影响,较少涉及精炼渣应用.为完善前人研究,确定TiO2对精炼渣系熔点的影响和促进合钛废渣的资源化再利用,通过实验和Factsage理论计算对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2渣系的熔化性能进行了研究.实验以炉渣熔点为指标,考察了二元碱度、Al2O3和TiO2含量对渣系熔点的影响.3个因素的变化范围分别为:二元碱度4～7.9,Al2O3含量30％～45％和TiO2含量1％～7％.研究结果表明:二元碱度对渣系熔点的影响显著,其他因素的影响不显著;试验条件下该渣系最低熔点炉渣的二元碱度为6.6,Al2O3为35％和TiO2为5％,对应熔点为1 354℃;TiO2含量低于3％时,渣系液相区面积变化很小可以忽略,TiO2含量在3％～10％的范围,TiO2含量越高液相区面积越大.实验条件下该渣系的熔化性能能够满足炼钢精炼渣要求.     

高铝钢精炼渣的热力学计算与分析

为了在高铝钢中得到最低的溶解氧含量,必须找到CaO-Al2O3-MgO体系中Al2O3活度最低点的位置。因此,利用炉渣结构的共存理论,结合CaO-Al2O3-MgO相图,利用Matlab软件计算了CaO-Al2O3-MgO体系中Al2O3活度。通过对不同模型计算出的CaO-Al2O3渣系中Al2O3活度值比较,表明其变化趋势基本相同。由共存理论对CaO-Al2O3-MgO体系中Al2O3活度进行计算得到,在一定的MgO含量下,随着CaO含量增加,炉渣中Al2O3活度降低;在一定的CaO含量下,随着MgO含量增加,炉渣中Al2O3活度降低,且Al2O3活度最低值在CaO和MgO均达饱和的区域。     

镍转炉溅渣护炉热态模拟

为将溅渣护炉技术应用于炼镍转炉,在实验室镁铬质坩埚中进行了热态模拟溅渣实验.结果表明:FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-MgO渣系为镍转炉溅渣护炉的合理渣型,增加渣中MgO和Fe2O3含量可以明显提高炉渣熔化温度,相应渣中高熔点相铁镁橄榄石和磁铁矿显著增加,采用此类炉渣溅渣可在镁铬砖内壁形成高熔点的溅渣层;溅渣后坩埚内壁的溅渣层由反应层和挂渣层组成,其中反应层物相为镁铁固溶体和镁铬铁铝尖晶石,挂渣层主要由铁镁橄榄石和磁铁矿组成.溅渣时采用空气喷吹可增加渣中Fe2O3,适合作为溅渣气源.     

Influence of Na2O on Properties of CaO-AI2O3 Slag

分析了向CaO-Al2O3基熔渣中添加Na2O对熔渣性能的影响,并比较了几种不同的添加剂对渣系黏度的影响.研究表明：w（CaO）/w（Al2O3）=1.1时,渣系中随着Na2O含量的增加,CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度先降低后升高,在Na2O质量分数为4%处出现极小值;Na2O的添加还会导致CaO-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度升高;Na2O,Li2O和MgO都可以降低CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度,其降低渣系黏度的能力由大到小依次为Li2O〉Na2O〉MgO.综合考虑Na2O对渣系黏度和熔化温度的影响,Na2O在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的加入量以不超过4%为宜.     

Na_2O对CaO-Al_2O_3基渣系性能的影响

分析了向CaO-Al2O3基熔渣中添加Na2O对熔渣性能的影响,并比较了几种不同的添加剂对渣系黏度的影响.研究表明:w(CaO)/w(Al2O3)=1.1时,渣系中随着Na2O含量的增加,CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度先降低后升高,在Na2O质量分数为4%处出现极小值;Na2O的添加还会导致CaO-Al2O3渣系的熔化温度升高;Na2O,Li2O和MgO都可以降低CaO-Al2O3渣系的黏度,其降低渣系黏度的能力由大到小依次为Li2O>Na2O>MgO.综合考虑Na2O对渣系黏度和熔化温度的影响,Na2O在CaO-Al2O3渣系中的加入量以不超过4%为宜.     

CaO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2渣熔化温度特性实验研究

采用FactSage理论计算以及熔点实验对CaO-FeO-Al2O3-SiO2无氟的环保型铁水预处理脱磷渣系的熔化温度特性进行了系统研究,考察了炉渣碱度、Al2O3和FeO质量分数三个因素渣系熔化温度特性的影响.研究结果表明:FeO的质量分数对渣系熔点的影响最大;炉渣的最佳配比为碱度5.5,Al2O3质量分数10%,FeO质量分数45%,该配比下炉渣熔化特性在本实验条件下能够满足铁水预处理用渣的熔化温度特性的要求.     

CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-Cu2O渣系作用浓度计算模型

基于炉渣结构共存理论,建立1 523～1 733 K时的CaO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2-Cu2O五元渣系作用浓度计算模型,对成分(质量分数)波动范围为CaO 5%～20%,FeO 5%～50%,Cu2O 5%～25%,SiO2 5%～45%,Fe2O3 5%～70%的炉渣,计算1 523和1 573 K时的各组元作用浓度,考察碱度和温度对活度系数和的影响,并对所得数据进行非线性回归分析.研究结果表明,理论计算值与文献实测值之间的相对误差小于10%,且随渣含铜增加呈直线上升的趋势一致,说明模型能较好地反映本渣系的结构本质;CaO能降低炉渣的溶铜能力,增强炉渣的溶铁能力.该模型的建立为采用铁酸钙渣系的炼铜新工艺热力学研究提供了理论依据.     

湘钢高Al_2O_3高炉渣脱硫能力的试验研究

根据湘潭钢铁公司的冶炼条件,以现场渣为基料,添加化学试剂,配制成高Al2O3渣系。研究在高Al2O3炉渣条件下的高炉渣主要成分、碱度等对硫分配比性能的影响。研究结果表明,在高Al2O3炉渣条件下,该高炉渣的wMgO为12%,二元碱度R为1.15最有利于脱硫。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-