针对大功率非线性负载的有源滤波器

采用现有有源滤波器对大功率非线性负载进行谐波滤除时,要求逆变器同时具有很大的容量和较高的开关频率,这必然增加逆变器的技术难度和成本,限制了有源滤波器在大功率场合的应用.作者针对这一问题提出一种新型并联混合型有源滤波器,根据非线性负载产生的主要谐波分量设计逆变器以减小逆变器电流容量,同时逆变器输出电压频率较低,逆变器开关频率可相应降低.逆变器与无源滤波器电感并联,当逆变器发生故障时,无源滤波器仍能正常工作.由于并联滤波电感的分流作用,逆变器电流减小.此外,还提出一种以ip-iq法为基础的单次谐波电流检测方法.Matlab仿真结果表明,并联混合型有源滤波器滤波效果与现有并联混合型有源滤波器的滤波效果接近,但其中逆变器电流减少50%.     

自适应多调谐滤波器的研究

提出了一种基于有源电抗器的新型自动调谐滤波器，利用电感的非线性频率特性，实现了单条LC串联支路抑制多次谐波的目标．有源电抗器由一对耦合绕组和一个补偿电流发生器组成，通过控制有源电抗器补偿绕组中的谐波磁通补偿电流，可以独立且连续地调节电抗器在不同谐波频率下的电感量．针对消除失谐或限制谐波电压含量的不同控制目标，提出了谐波磁通补偿电流的两种生成方法，补偿电流分别是滤波器电流或母线电压中各次谐波分量与调节系数的加权合成．实验系统在不同运行方式下的测试结果表明，这种滤波器能够同时抑制多次主要谐波分量并有效地消除失谐．     

大容量PWM电压源逆变器的LC滤波器设计

针对大容量变频调速装置中LC滤波器设计困难的问题,提出了特定消谐脉冲宽度调制(SHE-PWM)的逆变器优化控制方案。以三电平中点箝位(NPC)逆变器为研究对象,采用分段同步SHE-PWM保证整个调速范围内LC滤波器的谐振抑制问题,并给出了LC谐振频率的设计方法。采用此方法可以使大容量开关器件工作在较低的开关频率下。分析了LC滤波器对逆变器输出电流和机端电压的影响及滤波电容与电机之间的自激等问题,并据此提出了电抗参数和电容参数的具体设计原则和方法。在一台基于三电平NPC逆变器的6kV变频调速装置上的试验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

新型混合有源滤波器建模及其特性研究

为提高有源滤波器的滤波性能,减少日趋严重的谐波问题,提出了一种新的滤波系统结构。该文详细分析了工作原理,用数学建模的方法,建立了该滤波系统的控制模型方程,分析了在基于负载谐波电流控制逆变器输出电压的控制策略下,负载谐波电流的波动、电源谐波电压的波动、电网阻抗的波动、电网频率的波动对滤波系统控制性能的影响,接着分析了采用PWM控制下逆变器输出到电网过程中谐波电流相位的变化。研究表明该混合有源滤波器具有较大容量的无功补偿能力和较小的逆变器容量．试验和仿真结果证明该混合有源滤波器的正确性和可行性,对滤波器的设计和使用具有重要的理论指导意义和实用价值。     

一种新的双逆变器式有源电力滤波器电路

提出一种新的双逆变器式有源电力滤波器(APF)电路采用一个高压、低开关频率的绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)逆变器和一个低压、高开关频率的电力场效应晶体管(MOSFET)逆变器的组合来消除谐波电流．IGBT逆变器的作用是提供基波电压，并补偿无功功率，MOSFET逆变器则实现消除谐波电流的功能．IGBT和MOSFET通过一个分离式电容器组共用一个直流环节，以降低成本和简化控制．采用这种方式，可在很宽的频率范围内消除谐波电流的影响．同传统的APF电路相比，这种方式所用的直流环节电压较低，产生的噪声也较小．仿真和实验的结果证明了这种APF电路能够消除负载谐波电流．     

一种新的双逆变器式有源电力滤波器电路

提出一种新的双逆变器式有源电力滤波器(APF)电路.采用一个高压、低开关频率的绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT)逆变器和一个低压、高开关频率的电力场效应晶体管(MOSFET)逆变器的组合来消除谐波电流.IGBT逆变器的作用是提供基波电压,并补偿无功功率,MOSFET逆变器则实现消除谐波电流的功能.IGBT和MOSFET通过一个分离式电容器组共用一个直流环节,以降低成本和简化控制.采用这种方式,可在很宽的频率范围内消除谐波电流的影响.同传统的APF电路相比,这种方式所用的直流环节电压较低,产生的噪声也较小.仿真和实验的结果证明了这种APF电路能够消除负载谐波电流.     

改进型直流侧有源电力滤波器参数设计及仿真

针对直流侧串联型有源电力滤波器(active power filter,APF)输出不可调压和控制电路较复杂的特性,提出一种输出可调压的改进型直流侧串联型APF拓扑。从理论上分析了改进型直流侧串联型APF电路拓扑和基本工作原理,根据电路功率因数预调节原理,给出了主电路参数设计方法。利用零极点配置法对电压环和电流环进行了设计。同时主电路功率开关采用同频率控制,进一步简化控制电路。与并联型APF相比,该拓扑简化了主电路结构,进一步减少有源开关的数量,具有输入电流谐波低、功率因数高、输出电压调节范围宽、成本低等优点。仿真结果证明了所提出拓扑的正确性和可靠性。     

五电平电压型逆变器的变频SHE-PWM控制策略

采用两重H桥串联电压型逆变器输出五电平相电压,使用IGCT器件时可输出6kV线电压,适用于6kV电机变频调速装置。为改善逆变器输出电压的谐波特性,解决串桥之间功率的均分问题,提出了两种五电平SHE-PWM控制策略,给出了其实现原理,计算了3～50Hz内的变频变调制比的SHE-PWM开关角度,并在此基础上用数字仿真计算了各频率段下输出电压谐波含量。结果表明在不增加开关频率的前提下,比三电平逆变器消除的输出电压谐波次数更多,使逆变器输出LC滤波器的设计更加容易,同时可有效地均分两重串桥的有功功率输出。     

并联型混合有源滤波器的新型控制策略

由无源滤波器（PF）和小容量的有源滤波器串联组成的并联型混合有源滤波器（PHAPF）,能较好地提高PF的滤波性能,并克服单独采用有源滤波器造价高的缺点．基于系统谐波电流反馈控制方式的PHAPF能有效地补偿负荷电流的谐波分量,但会使补偿后的负荷节点电压产生较大的畸变,针对这一问题提出了一种基于负荷节点电压畸变分量反馈控制的PHAPF控制策略,可以在有效补偿负荷电流谐波分量和校正负荷功率因数的同时较好地抑制负荷节点电压畸变．数字仿真验证了该控制策略的有效性．     

降低有源部分容量的混合电力滤波器

为了更经济地滤除电网中的谐波电流,提出了一种新型混合电力滤波器结构。与普通的混合滤波器相比,其有源滤波器的容量和成本进一步降低。由于无源滤波器承受了电网电压,而LC构成的基波谐振支路分流了无功电流,使得有源滤波器的额定电压和电流大大降低。在所提出控制策略的作用下,该滤波器可以有效地抑制电网谐波电压产生谐波电流并阻止负载谐波电流流入电网侧。由PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行仿真,结果表明:该结构中的有源滤波器的容量仅为滤波器总容量的2.11%,而滤波器投入后电网电流的总谐波畸变率仅为4.15%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.