Y/ ZSM-5复合分子筛的合成及表征

利用乙二胺为模板剂,在水热体系中采用两步晶化法,在先合成Z-5沸石的基础上合成具有双微孔结构的复合分子筛Y/ZSM-5,并系统地研究了模板剂的用量、溶液的pH值、原料配比及第二步晶化时间对Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛结构的影响.按照(3.0～4.0)Na2O:(25～60)SiO2:Al2O3:(10～15)乙二胺(EDA):1 000 H2O的摩尔配比合成出含ZSM-5的固液混合物,然后在该体系中加入适量的偏铝酸钠溶液,所得最终凝胶的硅铝比n(SiO2):n(Al2O3)=20～30,pH值11.5～12.5,第二步最佳晶化时间为24 h.用N2吸附-脱附分析了相同硅铝比下复合分子筛与机械混合物的孔结构特征.结果表明,Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛的孔径和孔容高于二者的机械混和.SEM的分析表明,Y/ZSM-5复合分子筛的形貌不同于纯的Y型和ZSM-5沸石.     

模板剂用量对微波水热法制备ZSM-5分子筛的影响研究

以四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为模板剂,采用微波水热法制备ZSM-5分子筛。考察模板剂用量对微波水热法合成ZSM-5分子筛物化性质的影响,采用XRD、BET、SEM、NH3-TPD等手段对合成样品的微观结构、孔结构及表面化学性质进行分析表征,在MTO工艺中评价合成分子筛的催化性能。结果表明:模板剂用量对合成ZSM-5分子筛晶相组成、微观形貌、比表面积、孔径分布及表面酸性质具有较大的影响。改变模板剂用量会影响分子筛结晶度和孔结构,可通过模板剂用量调控制备不同酸性质ZSM-5分子筛。模板剂用量为n(TPAOH)∶n(Si O2)=0.35时,ZSM-5分子筛孔结构和表面酸性适中,形貌规整,MTO催化性能最佳,甲醇转化率为98.4%,低碳烯烃收率为75.39%。     

丝光沸石分子筛膜的制备与表征

在不添加有机模板剂的条件下,使用配比为n(Na2O):n(Al2O3):n(SiO2):n(H2O)=0.25:0.067:1:35溶胶在多孔莫来石管上水热合成出丝光沸石分子筛膜.考察了晶化时间、硅源、铝源等条件对晶体层晶化和渗透汽化性能的影响.合成的膜经XRD和SEM表征.优化合成条件下制备的丝光沸石膜具有良好的渗透汽化(pervaporation,PV)性能,在75℃,水/乙醇(质量比为10/90)混合溶液中的渗透通量和分离因子分别为0.72 kg·m-2·h-1和480.xRD和SEM表征显示,在较优化水热条件下,支撑体外表面形成了一层致密的、高结晶度丝光沸石分子筛晶体.     

无机胺合成ZSM—5沸石分子筛

利用氨水为模板剂合成了ZSM-5沸石分子筛，研究了合成温度和时间对分子筛合成的影响。实验表明，在142～177℃范围内，以氨水为模板剂都可以合成出ZSM-5沸石分子筛。合成温度越低，所需时间越长，同时以XRD为手段，对分别以氨水和正丙胺为模板剂合成的ZSM-5沸石分子筛的结构进行了比较。     

无晶种合成ZSM-5分子筛的研究

在无晶种条件下,以水玻璃为硅源,硫酸铝为铝源,无水乙醇为有机模板剂合成ZSM-5分子筛.从晶化温度、晶化时间、模板剂用量方面考察实验条件对ZSM-5合成的影响,用X射线衍射仪进行物化表征.研究结果表明:在180℃晶化温度下,晶化时间为35h,乙醇硅比为1时,水热合成的ZSM-5分子筛结晶度最高.     

乙醇-H_2O蒸汽相中合成高硅沸石的研究

在乙醇-H2O混合蒸汽相中,合成高硅ZSM-5、ZSM-35沸石的纯相。研究了SiO2/Al2O3、乙醇/H2O、Na2O/SiO2等因素对合成高硅ZSM-5、ZSM-35沸石的影响。实验证明,乙醇是合成ZSM-35沸石的有效模板剂。     

晶种在L沸石合成体系中的作用

在合成L沸石的晶化体系中,研究了晶种加入方式、L沸石晶种以及异晶晶种对合成体系的影响。结果表明,晶种加入的最佳方式为L沸石晶种分散到溶液中再与硅铝凝胶混合;在合成L沸石的体系中加入L沸石晶种,可加快晶化速度,抑制杂晶的产生。在氧化物2.65K2O∶Al2O3∶10SiO2∶(100～120)H2O(物质的量之比)的合成体系以及2.65(K2O+Na2O)∶Al2O3∶10SiO2:162H2O且n(K2O)∶n(K2O+Na2O)为0.55～0.70的合成体系中,易生成W杂晶,加入适量的L沸石晶种后,能合成纯度很高的L沸石。在合成L沸石的体系中,加入异晶晶种将降低L沸石的晶化速度,增加杂晶W沸石的相对含量。     

利用高岭土合成4A沸石分子筛

以高岭土为主要原料,通过焙烧活化-碱化-水热反应技术合成了4A沸石分子筛.利用TG DTA、XRD、SEM等考察了高岭土转化分子筛的相变历程,并通过正交实验探讨了影响分子筛转化率的主要因素.研究表明,高岭土在600℃下焙烧2 h可转化为偏高岭土,再与NaOH、去离子水按摩尔比n(Na2O)/n(SiO2)为2.0、n(H2O)/n(Na2O)为60充分混合,经水浴陈化、晶化后可合成结晶良好、静态水吸附达22.67%的4A沸石分子筛.     

一种新型磷酸硅铝分子筛的合成及表征

采用水热合成法,以三乙烯四胺(TETA)为模板剂,磷酸、正硅酸乙酯、乙酸镁及氢氧化铝为原料,通过调节模板剂的用量、晶化温度、晶化时间和 pH 值,合成出含镁的磷酸硅铝分子筛,原料的物质的量之比为 n(P): n(Si): n(H2O): n(Ni): n(Al): n(TETA)=1.00:0.25:0.18:0.51:30.00:0.65,晶化温度为150~170, pH ℃值为6.0,晶化时间为24 h     

SAPO-34分子筛的合成及其对甲醇制低碳烯烃反应的催化性能

制备具有适宜酸性能和最佳物理性质的催化剂是甲醇制低碳烯烃(MTO)工艺的关键。采用水热晶化法,考察了不同模板剂、模板剂用量、pH、晶化时间和温度等因素对SAPO-34分子筛制备的影响,并采用XRD、SEM、BET和NH3-TPD等方法进行表征,从而考察分子筛结构、表面酸性等性质对分子筛催化剂在MTO反应中的催化性能的影响。结果表明:四乙基氢氧化铵(TEAOH)为合成SAPO-34的最佳模板剂,与二乙胺相比,TEAOH制得的SAPO-34比表面积大(400 m2/g),呈立方晶形,颗粒尺寸较小且分布均匀,具有比例适宜的强、弱酸中心;而以二乙胺为模板剂合成的SAPO-34具有较多的强酸中心,酸性较强。采用TEAOH为模板剂,当n(TEAOH)∶n(Al2O3)为2.02~1.35时,减少模板剂用量,合成产物仍为SAPO-34,相对结晶度减小;当n(TEAOH)∶n(Al2O3)为1.35~1.01时,减少模板剂用量会导致SAPO-5与SAPO-34共生。直接、快速的升温过程不利于晶粒的成长;先升温至90~150℃并维持这一温度,待过渡相态稳定后再继续升温至170~250℃晶化,有利于得到更高结晶度的SAPO-34晶体,此时SAPO-34分子筛在MTO反应中显示了最优的催化性能,甲醇转化率100%,对低碳烯烃的选择性为83.40%,活性时间为220 min。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.