环状芽胞杆菌（Bacillus circulans）基因表达效率调节DNA片段的研究

用大肠杆菌（Ｅｓｃｈｅｒｉｃｈｉａｃｏｌｉ）启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ１从环状芽胞杆菌（Ｅａｃｉｌｌｕａｅｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓｃ－２）基因组中分离的启动子片段ＢＣ６能使无启动子的卡那霉素抗性基因恢复活性，并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达（卡那霉素抗性高达１２００μｇ／ｍＬ）．当用限制酶ＸｂａⅠ去除其５′－端１．２ｋｂ片段（命名为Ｘｂ片段）后，３′－端片段仍能启动Ｋａｎ￣ｒ基因表达，其抗性水平降至４００μｇ／ｍＬ但当１．２ｋｂ片段反向插回原有位置时，其抗性水平降至６００μｇ／ｍＬ．将Ｘｂ片段正向插入另一重组质粒ｐＢＣ３中融合的Ｋａｎ￣ｒ基因启动子的上游时，卡那霉素抗性由２００μｇ／ｍＬ上升至１０００μｇ／ｍＬ．当Ｘｂ片段反向插入时，Ｋａｎ￣ｒ基因的表达却明显受到抑制，降为１００μｇ／ｍＬ．这说明Ｘｂ片段具有正向增强而反向衰减Ｋａｎ￣ｒ基因表达的能力．用ＢＣ６片段的两个亚克隆片段与ｃ－２菌株总ＤＮＡ分别作Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交时，结果显示３′－端片段以单拷贝形式存在于基因组中，而Ｘｂ片段则以多拷贝形式散布其中．由此推断Ｘｂ片段并非一定伴随该基因启动子存在．     

环状芽胞杆菌（Bacillus circulans）基因表达效率调节DNA片…

用大肠杆菌启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ１从环状芽胞杆菌基因组中分离的启动子片段ＢＣ６能使无启动子的卡那霉素抗性基因恢复活性，并在大肠杆菌中获得高效表达。当用限制酶ＸｂａＩ去除其５’－端１．２ｋｂ片段后，３’－端片段仍能启动Ｋａｎ’基因表达，其抗性水平降至４００μｇ／ｍＬ，但当１．２ｋｂ片段反向回原有位置时，其抗性水平降至６００μｇ／ｍＬ。将Ｘｂ片段正向插入另一重组质粒ｐＢＣ３中融合的Ｋａｎ’ａｄｌｄ     

卡介苗中具启动子活性片段克隆及分析

利用启动子探针型质粒ｐＫＫ２３２－８从卡介苗染色体ＤＡＮ的ＢａｍＨＩ酶切片段中克隆到４个具启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,测定各重组子对氯霉素（Ｃｍ）的抗性,其中含３．３Ｋｂ外源片段的重组质粒ｐＢＣＧ２大肠杆菌转化子在ＬＭ培养基上对Ｃｍ抗性可达１７０×１０－６ｇ／ｍＬ,作了该片段的限制性酶切图谱．对ｐＢＣＧ２利用ＳａｌⅠ位点,亚克隆出４种部分重叠的具启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,这４种重组质粒分别命名为ｐＢＣＧ２－１,ｐＢＣＧ２－２,ｐＢＣＧ２－６和ｐＢＣＧ２－８,并分析了其中插入片段的大小及其转化子对Ｃｍ的抗性．将ｐＢＣＧ２－２的ＳａｌⅠ外源片段插入到分枝杆菌启动子探针型穿梭质粒ｐＥＱ３,获得一个可在卡介苗中表达ｌａｃＺ基因的重组子ｐＥＢ２２．斑点杂交实验证明,具有启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段来源于卡介苗的染色体ＤＮＡ．结果表明克隆到一个对大肠杆菌和卡介苗均具启动子活性的ＤＮＡ片段     

环状芽孢杆菌中具有强启动活性DNA片段的结构与功能分析

作者曾用启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ１从环状芽孢杆菌Ｃ－２菌株（ＢａｃｉｌｌｕｓｃｉｒｃｕｌａｎｓＣ－２）中克隆到一个具有强启动功能的２．４ｋｂ片段ＢＣ６．对该片段作作的进一步缺夫分析表明,其３’端约０．７ｋｂ片段具有单独的基因启动子功能,序列分析表明ＢＣ６片段３′端有典型的原核生物的基因启动子结构,现有ＢＣ６的５’端的１．２ｋｂＸｈｉＩ片段的重组于ｐＢＲ３２２的ＥｃｏＲＩ位点,观察其对两侧具有不同     

林可链霉菌噬菌体φSL60启动子的克隆与鉴定

以启动子探针质粒ｐＩＪ４８６为载体,变铅青链霉菌（Ｓ．ｌｉｖｉｄａｎｓ）ＴＫ２３作受体,克隆了林可链霉菌噬菌体ＳＬ６０ＤＮＡ上的启动子活性片段。以ｐＵＣ１８为载体构建ＳＬ６０ＤＮＡ之ＫｐｎＩ片段的基因文库,从中筛选出两个片段,分别克隆于ｐＩＪ４８６中获得ｐＵＩＳ２９和ｐＵＩＳ１９８,在ＭＭ培养基上,两者的转化子对卡那霉素的抗性均仅为１０ｍｇ／Ｌ。噬菌体ＳＬ６０ＤＮＡ的ＢｇｌＩ片段直接克隆入ｐＩＪ４８６的ＢａｍＨＩ位点,获得重组质粒ｐＭＭＳ１,其转化子的卡那霉素抗性在ＭＭ培养基上可达２５０ｍｇ／Ｌ。分析表明ｐＭＭＳ１上的插入片段约为９２０ｂｐ,含有一个ＳｓｔＩ位点,四个ＭｂｏＩ位点。该片段用ＭｂｏＩ部分酶解缩小到６００ｂｐ,亚克隆入ｐＩＪ４８６中得到重组质粒ｐＭＳＢ１４,其转化子对卡那酶素的抗性水平提高到３００ｍｇ／Ｌ。ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳显示,ｐＭＳＢ１４中的ｎｅｏ基因可以表达出氨基糖苷磷酸转移酶（ＡＰＨＩ蛋白）。这些结果表明ｐＭＳＢ１４中的插入片段可能具有较强的启动子活性。     

酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）同源DNA片段的克隆

利用作者克隆的酿酒酵母基因启动子片段Ｙ８为探针和菌落原位杂交方法，从构建的Ｓ．ｃｅｒｅｖｉｓｉａｅ ＹＮＮ２７基因组文库中共筛选８个阳性克隆。根据这些克隆中插入片段大小和限制酶切结果，可将其划分为６种，分别命名为ＹＮ１－ＹＮ６．Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明，这６种ＤＮＡ片段不仅能与６．５ｋｂ的全长Ｙ８探针我，而且均能与ＰｓｔＩ酶切Ｙ８所得的３段ＤＮＡ探针杂交。     

甘薯（Ipomoea batatas L.Lam.）基因启动子在根癌农杆菌中 …

作者曾用自行构建的启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ４,从甘薯总ＤＮＡ中克隆到了６５个在大肠杆菌中具有启动基因表达功能的ＤＮＡ片段,现研究发现,甘薯基因启动子片段在根癌农杆菌中也具有启动基因转录的功能,其启动功能的大小与启动子片段在大肠杆菌中启动卡那霉素抗性基因表达活性呈正相关,即原来卡那霉素抗性越高的,ＧＵＳ基因的酶活性越高。利用重组子ｐＩＢ２中插入片段所做的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交实验证实,该ＤＮＡ片段来     

在大肠杆菌中直接克隆白腐丝状真菌-黄孢平革菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)基因启动子

利用启动子探钍型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ４ 直接在大肠杆菌细胞中克隆到多个来自白腐丝状真菌－黄孢平革菌（Ｐｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅ ｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ）的基因启动子片段．这些基因启动子片段能在大肠杆菌细胞中启动重组卡那霉素抗性基因（ｒｋａｎｒ）的表达,不同片段赋予宿主细胞以不同的卡那霉素抗性水平,最高的可达１０００μｇ／ｍ Ｌ,最低的则为５０μｇ／ｍ Ｌ．琼脂糖凝胶电泳显示这些重组质粒ＤＮＡ 中均有不同大小的插入片段,其范围是０．５～６．０ｋｂ．选取一个插入３．９ｋｂ 的重组质粒ｐＰＣ３３ 所作的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ 杂交结果表明,插入片段以单拷贝形式存在于Ｐ．ｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ 的基因组中．当此片段５′－端被除去１．８ｋｂ 后,余下的２．１ｋｂ 片段可使融合的Ｋａｎｒ 基因的表达效率提高６０％ ．     

枯草杆菌强基因启动子DNA片段的序列分析

对利用基因启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ２,从枯草杆菌ＡＳ１．３９８中克隆３个稳定的具有强启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,进行限制酶切分析发现,ｐＢＳＵ２２和ｐＢＳＵ４３中的插入片段小于０．２ｋｂ,ｐＢＳＵ４４中的插入片段为３ｋｂ。测定结果表明,３个插入片段中都有较为典型的原核生物基因启动子序列,其中ｐＢＳＵ２２和ｐＢＳＵ４３的插入序列几乎完全相同。２     

小白菜苏云金牙孢杆菌CryIB基因的遗传转化

用限制ＳｐｈＩ和ＥｃｏＲＩ消化质粒ｐＢＹＴＥＳｐ１０１－１和ｐＢＱＸ,将ｐＢＱＸ上的经发行过的苏云金芽直菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因ＣｒｙＩＢ取代ｐＢＹＴＥＳｐ１０１－１上的ＧＵＳ基因,得到一个中间克隆ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－１。用限制酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ消化质粒ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－１,回收含ＣｒｙＩＢ基因的５．１ｋｂＤＮＡ乍段,插入质粒ｐＢＩＮ１９的Ｈｉｎｄ０２８３位点,构建成具卡那霉素抗性的植物表达载体ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－５．ＥＴ     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.