低温乳液聚合法合成高相对分子质量聚乙烯醇

低温乳液聚合法是一种可能实现高相对分子质量聚乙烯醇的工业化生产的方法.用氧化还原引发体系和复合乳化剂进行了乙酸乙烯酯的低温乳液聚合,对两组氧化还原引发剂体系进行了比较,讨论了聚合温度对聚合速率、聚合度的影响以及转化率与聚合度的关系.     

电极电势对反应速率常量的影响

讨论了处于平衡态的氧化还原电极电势对反应速率常量的影响问题.当体系中氧化态粒子浓度增加时,体系平衡电位上升,还原反应速率常量减小,氧化反应速率常量增加,无净反应发生,体系仍处于平衡态.     

连续退火工艺对低硅型冷轧低合金高强钢板 力学性能的影响

利用多功能连续退火模拟器Multipas对屈服强度为380MPa的低硅型冷轧低合金高强钢板连续退火生产工艺进行了模拟,研究了在820,800, 780℃三种不同退火温度和60, 120,160m·min-1三种不同退火速度下,连退工艺对冷轧低合金高强钢板组织、力学性能的影响.结果表明,在不同的退火温度、退火速度下钢板退火组织的晶粒度基本相同,采用较低的退火温度和较高的退火速度时,可获得较好的强化效果.同时指出,在较高的连续退火温度下,退火速度对力学性能的影响较为显著.     

预氧化磁铁矿颗粒在氢基流化床中的流化行为及还原动力学研究

欧盟(EU)的目标是在2050年实现碳中和，目前，炼钢行业仍然是欧洲主要的二氧化碳排放行业之一，其排放量占欧盟二氧化碳排放总量的4%。因此，为了避免二氧化碳的产生，使用氢气还原铁矿石生产直接还原铁(DRI)受到了越来越多的关注。我们之前的研究显示，在还原过程中由于磁铁矿颗粒表面会形成致密的铁壳，使其表现出较差的流化性和还原性。磁铁矿预氧化处理后，会显著改善它的流化性。本文探究了不同预氧化温度和预氧化程度对磁铁矿颗粒在氢基流化床内流化和还原行为的影响。通过光学显微镜和电子扫描显微镜（SEM）表征了还原后颗粒的显微结构和形貌，并探究了还原过程中的动力学反应机理。结果表明，较高预氧化温度（1000°C）处理后的磁铁矿颗粒表面较为平坦，表现出较好的流化行为。较低预氧化温度（800°C）处理后的磁铁矿颗粒表面形成显著的赤铁矿晶须，其流化性有所降低；但其表现出更好的还原性，特别是在还原后期。磁铁矿的预氧化程度对流化和还原行为没有明显影响。动力学分析表明，较高预氧化温度处理后的磁铁矿颗粒，在还原后期，其还原速率受铁离子扩散速率影响。较低的预氧化温度能改善铁离子的扩散，进而提高还原后期的反应速率。     

草酸中多孔阳极氧化铝膜生长动力学和形态结构研究

为分析多孔阳极氧化铝膜形态参数和氧化条件的关系,在恒流条件下对0.3 mol·L-1草酸电解中形成多孔膜的生长动力学进行了研究.采用扫描电子显微镜和氧化膜质量测定方法检验了电流密度、温度和氧化时间对氧化膜生长动力学和氧化膜形态的影响.通过电压-时间曲线研究了氧化膜的电化学特征,并采用一元线性回归模型预测了氧化膜的生长速率.实验结果表明氧化膜的生长速率随电流密度的升高而升高,随温度的升高而下降.氧化膜质量的增长速率也随着电流密度的升高而增大.     

草酸中多孔阳极氧化铝膜生长动力学和形态结构研究

为分析多孔阳极氧化铝膜形态参数和氧化条件的关系,在恒流条件下对0.3 mol.L-1草酸电解中形成多孔膜的生长动力学进行了研究.采用扫描电子显微镜和氧化膜质量测定方法检验了电流密度、温度和氧化时间对氧化膜生长动力学和氧化膜形态的影响.通过电压-时间曲线研究了氧化膜的电化学特征,并采用一元线性回归模型预测了氧化膜的生长速率.实验结果表明氧化膜的生长速率随电流密度的升高而升高,随温度的升高而下降.氧化膜质量的增长速率也随着电流密度的升高而增大.     

退火温度对DC05EK搪瓷用钢贮氢性能的影响

研究了DC05EK冷轧搪瓷用钢板贮氢能力随退火温度的变化规律,分析了析出物对氢渗透时间的影响.结果表明:随着退火温度的升高,小尺寸析出物数量减少,降低了实验钢的贮氢能力,氢渗透时间缩短.退火温度在730~850℃之间,随着退火温度的提升,1mm厚实验钢板的氢渗透时间从165min下降到119min;退火温度升高至870℃,由于细小弥散析出物的反向溶解,导致氢渗透时间急剧缩短为36min,贮氢能力不足;DC05EK冷轧搪瓷用钢合适的连续退火温度范围是730~850℃.     

硼铁精矿的碳热还原动力学

为了揭示硼铁精矿的碳热还原机理,以高纯石墨为还原剂,进行硼铁精矿含碳球团等温还原实验,并采用积分法进行动力学分析.还原温度分别设定为1000、1050、1100、1150、1200、1250和1300益,配碳量即C/O摩尔比=1.0.当还原度为0.1<α<0.8时,温度对活化能和速率控制环节有重要影响：还原温度≤1100益时,平均活化能为202.6 kJ·mol-1,还原反应的速率控制环节为碳的气化反应;还原温度>1100益时,平均活化能为116.7 kJ·mol-1,为碳气化反应和FeO还原反应共同控制.当还原度α≥0.8时(还原温度>1100益),可能的速率控制环节为碳原子在金属铁中的扩散.碳气化反应是含碳球团还原过程中主要速率控制环节,原因在于硼铁精矿中硼元素对碳气化反应具有较强烈的化学抑制作用.     

热力处理对Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率的影响

对变形量为30%的冷轧Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金进行热力实验,对静态再结晶动力学模型Avrami方程系数进行回归,得出Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金静态再结晶模型,研究保温时间、退火温度和加载力对其静态再结晶软化率的影响。结果表明,影响Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率的因素主次顺序为:保温时间,退火温度,加载力;相同加载力和保温时间条件下,退火温度越高,Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率越高;Pb-Ca-Sn-Al合金再结晶软化率增长速率随保温时间延长而快速增大,当保温时间增至60s时,再结晶软化率的增长速率渐趋缓慢。     

一种疏水缔合水溶性聚合物的合成及性能评价

摘要:采用氧化还原体系合成了AM/AMPS/ C16DMAAC共聚物。考察了不同条件对共聚物特性粘数和转化率的影响,得到最佳的反应条件范围,并研究了浓度、温度、盐及剪切速率对聚合物表观粘度的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.