DTN中基于转发概率的散发和等待路由

针对DTN中散发和等待路由中继节点的选择存在盲目性的问题,提出了一种基于转发概率的散发和等待路由协议R-SW.该协议采用"基于转发概率散发+控制拷贝数量"的原则,选择中继节点时进行转发概率的比较,只将报文转发给转发概率较大的中继节点;其次,转发报文数目根据转发概率动态确定,即转发概率高的节点获得较多的转发;另外,加入拥塞控制机制.使用NS2网络模拟软件对算法进行测试,结果表明:所提出的算法可以减少开销和时延,提高报文的投递率,适合在DTN中应用.     

一种基于转交效用的多副本机会网络路由协议

为了提高机会网络的传输效率,该文在分析现有“存储-携带-转发”传输模型的的基础上,提出一种基于转交效用的多副本传输方法.该方法根据节点历史相遇的时间和空间信息计算节点的递交概率预测值,并将其应用到散发策略和转发递交策略中,使节点在选择下一跳节点时能够预先判断其到达目的节点的效率,从而选择一条最优路径,提高了副本投递的能力.仿真结果表明,该路由算法具有较高的报文成功递交率、较低的平均网络延时,以及较低的网络开销,适合于通信不稳定的机会网络.     

基于协作区域的内容中心网络缓存策略

针对现有网络缓存策略所存在的缓存负载分布不均衡、缓存冗余大、网络资源利用率低等问题,提出了一种基于协作区域的内容中心网络缓存策略.该策略利用协作区域中的节点来辅助中心节点进行分组缓存,以实现负载均衡.仿真结果表明,与LCE策略和Betw策略相比,该策略能够有效地提高缓存命中率和资源利用率,并改善负载均衡性.     

消息替换风险动态感知的缓存管理策略

针对机会网络中缓存资源利用效率低的问题,提出一种消息替换风险动态感知的缓存管理策略,该策略综合考虑多维网络状态参数,其中包括消息的已生存时间、跳数、副本数及区域概率,以分布式的方式估计给定消息的投递状态,并采用K 均值聚类法动态地评估给定消息的替换风险,进而为不同投递状态的消息合理地预留资源。仿真结果表明,提出的缓存策略与其他缓存策略法相比,能够有效提高消息投递率,并改善网络负载率。     

一种DTN路由算法

针对DTN长延时、高动态拓扑、节点分布稀疏、频繁断路等网络特性,提出一种基于存储-携带-转发机制的DTN路由算法.该算法的源节点不以建立到目的节点的路由为发送数据的前提,而是在通信范围内选择与目的节点之间传输概率最大的节点,作为数据中继节点,中继节点存储数据,遇到目的节点或更优中继节点进行数据转发,经过逐跳携带转发,最终到达目的节点.在存储-携带-转发过程中,充分利用网络频繁变化的特点,针对到目的节点或更优中继节点的短时局部连通路径,采用Ad Hoc网络路由策略,提高效率.通过NS2仿真表明:所提出的算法具有较好的性能,适合在DTN中应用.     

一种Mesh路由缓存机制及其仿真

对于无线Mesh网络中的MGMP路由协议,在信道切换过程中,Mesh节点数据报文可能会因找不到路由或数据拥塞而导致数据丢失。为了解决MGMP路由协议在路由策略和数据拥塞方面存在的问题和不足,提出一种MGMP路由协议报文缓存机制,详细论述了MGMP路由缓存机制思想及其具体实现过程。同时,对这种带缓存的MGMP路由机制进行了NS-2仿真测试和性能分析。实验结果表明:这种支持报文缓存的MGMP路由协议,能够更好地适应信道动态调整,从而提高了Mesh网络的整体性能。     

带有相遇概率估计的机会网络缓存替换策略

机会网络中节点缓存资源受限,为提高节点缓存利用率,提出一种带有相遇概率估计的缓存替换(CREPE)策略.综合考虑节点的活跃度及有效相遇指数,以分布式的方式估计节点间的相遇概率,并感知给定消息在网络中的扩散程度,动态估计消息的重要程度,以确定消息的替换优先级.结果表明,所提出的缓存替换策略能够有效提高节点缓存利用率,改善网络的投递率、时延与负载性能.     

一种用于信息隐蔽传输的高效DTN路由算法

作为一种间歇性连接的网络,延迟容忍网络(DTN)中的消息通过节点间的机会性相遇完成投递,这种多跳、随机的传递方式使得消息难以被追踪,因此DTN非常适合实现信息的隐蔽传输.然而在DTN中节点之间的连接频繁断开限制了传输效率,且现有的DTN路由并未针对隐蔽传输的安全性进行相关研究.为保证隐蔽传输的通信质量和安全性,提出一种路由算法,首先利用节点的静态社会特征和实时相遇情况设计一种高效的消息转发策略以提高消息的投递效率;其次考虑到过多的消息副本在增加投递概率的同时也会增加暴露的风险,根据网络连通情况对副本数进行了动态设置.最后,将提出的算法与DTN经典算法进行仿真对比,结果显示本算法能够提高DTN的消息投递率,减少网络开销,同时提高消息的安全性.     

软件定义下的CCN缓存算法研究

为了解决内容中心网络（CCN）中存在的缓存问题,在内容中心网络和软件定义网络（SDN）的融合架构下,充分利用控制层全局感知和集中控制的优势,提出了一种软件定义下的CCN缓存决策方法。考虑了中介中心度、内容流行度、节点边缘度和缓存节点存储容量的有限性,引入了控制节点和通信节点的概念,通过控制器缓存决策,使得请求内容在不同的节点进行合理缓存。同时,根据控制节点距离缓存节点和服务器的跳数,找到返回用户请求的最短路径,采用ndnSIM进行仿真实验。结果表明,相比ALWAYS,LCD两种传统缓存决策策略,该方案可以明显提高缓存命中率,降低路径延展率和缓存替换数,达到了提高CCN缓存效率的目的,有利于内容中心网络及未来网络的发展。     

一种适用于DTN网络的主动避免拥塞控制策略

由于DTN网络的异步传输模式,DTN网络节点中存储着大量的冗余信息副本,导致网络拥塞．为解决这一问题,笔者在BinarySprayandWait协议的基础上提出一种主动删除冗余副本的拥塞控制策略：AAC策略,该策略通过ACK索引表及保留权值及时避免或消除拥塞现象．通过在ONE平台下的仿真模拟实验,表明该策略可以更好的提升网络吞吐量、降低丢包率、提高网络交付率等性能指标．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-