同轴送粉喷嘴气固两相流流场的数值模拟

在激光金属直接制造过程中,为获得较小特征尺寸和组织致密的熔覆零件,采用气固两相流理论对载气式同轴送粉喷嘴的内外流场进行了数值模拟,应用FLUENT软件中的离散相模型计算了粉末的流场浓度分布规律及汇聚特性.计算结果表明,同轴送粉喷嘴的焦点浓度在径向和轴向都近似服从高斯分布,在同轴送粉喷嘴锥角不变时,锥环间隙越小,粉末流场焦点处的浓度越大,聚焦半径和焦距越小,汇聚特性就越好.在同轴送粉喷嘴锥环间隙不变时,锥角过大或过小均不利于粉末汇聚,选择最佳锥角有利于获得最佳汇聚特性.在其他条件不变时,外层保护气体流速过大或过小也不利于粉末汇聚,当外层保护气体流速为6 m/s时,同轴送粉喷嘴粉末的汇聚特性最佳.因此,所建模型和模拟结果对同轴送粉喷嘴的设计和结构优化具有参考价值.     

气体钻井牙轮钻头井底流场特性分析

基于CFD 技术,通过建立井底流场计算模型,运用数值模拟的手段,对气体钻井的三牙轮钻头井底流场进行
了数值模拟,并分析了喷嘴侧倾角、前倾角和后倾角对井底流场的影响。结果表明：三喷嘴不同侧倾角设置比相同侧
倾角设置更利于井底清岩;三喷嘴复合前倾角比复合后倾角的井底清岩能力更强,但对牙轮切削结构的清洗效果较
差;在不改变气体排量的情况下,通过三喷嘴混合复合前倾角和后倾角的方式,可以在保证一个相对较好的井底清岩
能力的情况下,提高射流对牙轮切削结构的清洗能力和环空的携岩能力。分析结果为气体钻井系列牙轮钻头的设计、
评价以及现场气体钻井的技术措施提供了理论指导。     

两段式气流床煤气化炉内熔渣壁面沉积数值模拟

为了研究我国自主研发的两段式干煤粉气流床气化炉内熔渣壁面沉积规律,对该气化炉进行了三维数值模拟.在合理假设的基础上,建立了基于Eulerian-Lagrangian模拟方法的炉内湍流多相反应流动模型,采用Realizable k-ε模型计算炉内气相湍流流场,应用颗粒轨道模型随机追踪煤粉颗粒在湍流气流中的运动与壁面沉积过程.通过数值计算获得了炉内气相流场、煤粉颗粒运动轨迹及其浓度分布,以及熔渣颗粒在炉膛壁面上的沉积率分布,揭示了该炉型内熔渣颗粒壁面沉积特性,并分析了不同进料方式对熔渣壁面沉积的影响规律.结果表明:两喷嘴对置进料使得熔渣主要沉积在喷嘴高度处两喷嘴之间的壁面上;四喷嘴对置进料使得一段壁面熔渣沉积率高于两喷嘴进料时的熔渣沉积率,且沉积率在圆周上的分布更加均匀,有利于形成均匀渣层对壁面进行有效保护;四喷嘴切圆进料使得炉内几乎所有熔渣颗粒都沉积在炉膛壁面上,且停留时间较短.     

喷气织机主喷嘴的流场分析

采用流体动力学软件NUMECA对喷气织机主喷嘴的气流流场进行了数值模拟, 揭示了导纱管内不同截面上气流速度的分布,并对主喷嘴内部气流的轴向动压和马赫数分布进行了分析.结果表明,利用数值模拟研究主喷嘴流场特性方便、快捷,且精度也较高.     

基于Fluent的拉瓦尔喷嘴雾化特性数值模拟

为进一步探索拉瓦尔喷嘴的流动特性,采用基于有限元与VOF相互结合方法对拉瓦尔喷嘴内外流场进行数值模拟。从计算结果中得到了喷嘴内外气液两相分布及速度分布规律,并对其流场的结构和形态进行分析。利用数值模拟对雾滴粒径分析表明,当喷嘴进口与出口面积之比为3∶1时,进水孔水流速度为22 m/s喷嘴综合雾化效果最好。研究结果对喷嘴结构设计以及井下除尘具有一定的参考价值。     

基于CFD技术的喷气织机主喷嘴内部流场的分析

通过对喷气织机主喷嘴现状的分析提出了应用CFD的思路.应用NUMECA软件进行主喷嘴内部流场数值模拟,揭示了导纱管内不同截面上气流速度的分布,并对主喷嘴内部气流的轴向动压和马赫数分布进行了分析.结果表明,利用数值模拟研究主喷嘴流场特性方便、快捷,且精度也较高.     

重力势能驱动旋流冶金反应器的数值模拟

建立了重力势能驱动的旋流冶金反应器的数学模型,分析了反应器内部的流场和气体体积分数的分布.结果表明,数值模拟结果与物理模型实验结果基本吻合,验证了数学模型和计算过程的可靠性;重力势能驱动冶金反应器具有较好的旋流效果,其中前弯型叶片反应器旋流效果最佳.参数研究表明随着曲率半径的增大,混合管内的气体体积分数有较大幅度的提高,其中曲率半径为150mm的叶片反应器有较大的气泡出现.     

大型轴向流固定床反应器流场的数值模拟

为了在催化剂床层中实现气体流动速度的均匀分布,对大型轴向流固定床反应器内流场进行数据值模拟.在包含多孔介质区域和无多孔介质的自由空间区域内建立一个统一流场和统一的基本方程组,采用半人工瞬变分方法在半交错不等距非正交曲线贴体混合网格系中进行数值计算,给出一个大型轴向流固定床反应器内流场的计算结果.     

耦合内弹道过程的膛口流场数值模拟与分析

为提高武器精度,模拟弹丸射入膛内后的膛口流场,耦合内弹道过程分析弹丸射出炮口前的初始流场和射出后的流场变化.采用内弹道经典模型计算膛内弹后气体流场,建立二维轴对称气体动力学模型计算弹前气体及膛口流场,通过弹前阻力将二者同步耦合计算.计算过程采用非结构网格方法,同时考虑运动弹丸的影响,计算结果与实验流场相吻合.计算结果捕捉到弹丸出炮口后在膛口形成清晰的瓶状波系.分析得到弹丸出炮口后1.5 ms时刻炮膛内外的马赫数轴向分布;此时火药气体在膛外膨胀的最大马赫数可以达到6.32;火药经过激波后气体速度迅速下降到声速以下.由于激波的作用,在激波前后压强会产生阶跃.     

含有不可凝结气体的蒸汽壁面冷凝的数值模拟

根据工程上广泛应用的经验性Uchida关联式,通过基于有限体积法的流场分析软件CFX的数值计算,对垂直管道中含有不可凝结气体的蒸汽冷凝进行模拟.结果表明,经验性Uchida关联式的计算结果可直观并且准确地反映与实际相符的流场温度变化趋势和组分浓度变化.该数值模拟方法对于研究小尺寸且几何形状简单的物理模型内不可凝结气体的积聚情况具有指导意义.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to