绿化树种白玉兰的光合特性

测定了白玉兰树冠不同生长时期、不同部位净光合速率的日变化和季节变化及叶绿素含量。结果表明，生长初期净光合速率除阳面上冠层为双峰曲线外，其他冠层呈单峰曲线；盛期呈多峰曲线；末期阳面冠层呈多峰曲线，阴面冠层呈双峰曲线。净光合速率的季节变化表现为：盛期＞末期＞初期。初期方位和冠层对净光合速率的影响均不显，盛期均极显，末期冠层影响显。另外，还对影响净光合速率的因子以及叶绿素含量作了分析。     

水稻冠层叶片SPAD值与叶绿素、叶氮含量及净光合速率的变化特征

通过两年的田间试验,利用叶绿素仪(SPAD-502)测定了不同生育时期水稻(南粳44号)冠层叶片的SPAD (Soil-plant analysis and development)值、叶绿素含量、叶氮含量及净光合速率,在此基础上分析了SPAD值与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量及净光合速率的关系。结果表明:水稻冠层叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量及净光合速率的关系均呈显著相关,但是在不同的生育期内SPAD值与其他三项指标的变化并没有同步,存在一定时间的超前或者滞后。随着叶绿素荧光分析技术的发展,无损伤、快速、灵敏测定叶片光合作用的变化成为可能,因此想要更好地了解叶片光合作用的内在变化,还需要研究SPAD值与各项叶绿素荧光参数的关系。     

水稻冠层叶片土壤、作物分析仪器开发值与叶绿素、叶氮含量及净光合速率的变化特征

通过两年的田间试验,利用叶绿素仪(SPAD-502)测定了不同生育时期水稻(南粳44号)冠层叶片的SPAD(soilplant analysed and development)值、叶绿素含量、叶氮含量及净光合速率,在此基础上分析了SPAD值与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量及净光合速率的关系。结果表明:水稻冠层叶片的SPAD值与叶绿素含量、叶氮含量及净光合速率的关系均呈显著相关,但是在不同的生育期内SPAD值与其他三项指标的变化并没有同步,存在一定时间的超前或者滞后。随着叶绿素荧光分析技术的发展,无损伤、快速、灵敏测定叶片光合作用的变化成为可能,因此想要更好地了解叶片光合作用的内在变化,还需要研究SPAD值与各项叶绿素荧光参数的关系。     

枫杨、悬铃木和女贞光合特性的比较

使用Li - 6400 光合测定系统研究了枫杨、悬铃木和女贞的光合特性, 结果表明: 枫杨、悬铃木和女贞净光合速率的日变化在生长初期和末期为单峰曲线,但峰值的大小和出现的时间不同,生长盛期是双峰曲线。不同的植物及同一植物在不同的生长时期其光响应曲线特征参数也不同O影响净光合速率的环境因子随生长时期的变化也在不断变化。     

不同水肥管理对梨枣叶片生理生化指标的影响

采用不同水肥管理测定了梨枣叶片中的叶绿素含量、净光合速率、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,不同水肥处理下,均能显著提高梨枣叶片中叶绿素含量、净光合速率和可溶性蛋白质含量,其中,浇灌完全营养液还能显著提高梨枣叶片中的可溶性糖含量,表明适当水肥处理对梨枣叶片的生长代谢具有促进作用,其中浇灌完全营养液的效果最好。     

库布齐沙漠蓝藻结皮早期发育过程净光合速率变化特征及其影响因素

将具鞘微鞘藻和爪哇伪枝藻进行原种培养和大量培养,野外接种蓝藻培养物于沙漠地表形成蓝藻结皮,每天测定蓝藻结皮生物量(用叶绿素a表示)以及结皮净光合速率的变化,并每隔2 h测定结皮净光合速率的日进程变化.结果表明,早期发育过程中蓝藻结皮生物量与结皮净光合速率均呈现同步波动性变化,且二者之间呈极显著性相关(r=0.92,P<0.0001),降雨有利于结皮生物量和净光合速率的显著提高.蓝藻结皮净光合速率的日变化进程为双峰型,最大净光合速率为3.78 mg.mg-1.h-1,最小净光合速率为-4.16 mg.mg-1.h-1.相关分析表明,对蓝藻结皮净光合速率日变化影响最大的生态因子是光合有效辐射,其次是结皮表面温度.     

不同铵硝配比对番茄苗期生长和光合特性的影响

探究不同氮素对番茄幼苗生长和光合特性的影响。采用溶液培养的方法,研究了不同铵硝配比对番茄幼苗苗高、茎粗、地上部分生物量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率的影响。结果表明,不同铵硝配比处理下,随着硝态氮占比的增加,番茄幼苗的苗高、茎粗、地上部分生物量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率表现出先增加后减小的变化,当铵硝配比为50∶0时,番茄幼苗的苗高最大;铵硝配比为25∶75时,番茄幼苗的茎粗、地上部分生物量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率最大,与其他配比之间存在显著差异;全铵态氮处理下,番茄幼苗的苗高、地上部分生物量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率均最低;单一形态的铵态氮或硝态氮营养液,均会抑制番茄植株的正常生长。获得番茄生长所需的最适铵硝配比,为番茄的优质高产栽培提供参考。     

长白落叶松净光合速率和呼吸速率的日变化及时空影响

不同季节测定了长白落叶松树冠３个层次,４个方向１２个部位的净光合速率和呼吸速率的日变化,得到双峰曲线型、单峰曲线型和平坦型３种日变化模式。结果受测定日的气象条件、测定叶在树冠中的位置和测定季节及它们的相互作用的综合影响。长白落叶松净光合速率和呼吸速率的平坦型日变化是由内因决定的,单峰及双锋曲线型日变化是由外因和内因共同决定的。净光合速率与呼吸速率呈正相关,二者的低谷与峰值同时出现。呈双峰曲线型日变化时,两个峰值的大小不同,下午峰值明显高于上午峰值,这与前人结果不同,午休现象与高温对有关酶系统的抑制及水分亏缺有关。     

华北落叶松冠层光合生理特性的空间异质性

【目的】森林生产力取决于树冠的整体光合能力,而树冠不同部位的光合作用具有差异性。深入了解华北落叶松冠层内光合作用的差异,为冠层水平模拟和准确估算森林生产力提供依据。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合仪对山西省太岳山20年生和40年生华北落叶松不同层次和不同方位的光合生理特性进行研究。【结果】20年生华北落叶松树冠中上层与下层的净光合速率(P_n)差异显著(P<0.05),而不同方位上的P_n差异不显著; 40年生华北落叶松树冠上、中、下3个层次的P_n差异显著(P<0.05),不同方位上的P_n差异也不显著。影响20年生华北落叶松树冠P_n的主要因子是羧化效率(V_c)、胞间CO₂浓度(C_i)、蒸腾速率(T_r); 影响40年生华北落叶松树冠P_n的主要因子是V_c、气孔导度(G_s)、水汽压亏缺(p_VPD)。20年生和40年生华北落叶松树冠不同层次、不同方位叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量差异不显著。【结论】冠层光合空间异质性是冠层水平模拟和估算森林生产力时必须考虑的因素,这对于从单木到林分的尺度推演和模型拟合具有重要的意义。     

不同种植模式下茶树光合特性、茶芽性状及茶叶化学成分的比较

以板栗-银杏-茶(CGT)、板栗-茶(CT)、纯茶(T)种植模式下的茶树为研究对象,测定了茶树光合特性、茶芽性状及茶叶化学成分,分析了影响茶芽性状和化学成分的主要光合因子。结果表明,不同种植模式内茶树净光合速率的日变化均呈单峰型。与T模式相比,GCT、CT模式内茶树净光合速率、茶芽长、茶芽密度、百芽质量及产量均有所下降,但茶叶水浸出物、咖啡因、氨基酸含量增加,仅茶多酚含量降低,可见茶园间种银杏或板栗有利于提高茶叶品质。多元回归分析表明,光合因子中对茶芽性状及茶叶化学成分影响最大的是蒸腾速率,其次是净光合速率和叶绿素含量,最小的是气孔导度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with