供水方式和施氮量对冬小麦生长、生理及产量的影响

利用盆栽实验研究了供水方式及施氮量对冬小麦生长、生理及产量的影响.结果显示:经历正常供水—拔节期干旱—花期前水分恢复处理后,正常施氮下常规供水冬小麦生长、生理和产量受到的影响较分根交替供水冬小麦更为明显;而高氮下无论哪种供水处理下冬小麦各个指标均未受到显著影响.表现在:正常施氮下常规供水冬小麦净光合速率和蒸腾速率在水分恢复后未能恢复到对照水平,水分利用效率(WUE)恢复较慢,产量也明显低于对照;而正常施氮分根交替供水处理下小麦净光合速率和蒸腾速率在复水后与对照相比没有显著差异,WUE恢复较快,产量亦未明显低于对照.以上结果表明分根交替供水更利于节水.     

松嫩平原两个生态型羊草水分生理特性 对CO2倍增和干旱胁迫的响应

采用盆栽法对灰绿色和黄绿色生态型羊草在干旱和CO_2倍增交互胁迫条件下的水分生理响应进行了研究.结果表明:在对照和700μmol/mol CO_2胁迫条件下,灰绿型和黄绿型羊草的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度与干旱胁迫胁强之间的关系呈直线变化,多数达到显著或极显著相关.灰绿型羊草的水分利用效率随干旱胁迫的增加速率比黄绿型羊草高,黄绿型羊草气孔导度对干旱胁迫的下降速率高于灰绿型.两个生态型羊草的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度之间具有显著差异.灰绿型和黄绿型羊草的1龄和2龄植株在700μmol/mol CO_2胁迫时的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、均高于对照,气孔导度低于350μmol/mol CO_2胁迫时.t检验结果表明,在350,700μmol/mol CO_2胁迫条件下,两个生态型的1龄、2龄植株间的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率、气孔导度差异显著.由此表明干旱条件对灰绿型和黄绿型羊草的1龄、2龄植株的蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和气孔导度有显著影响,两个生态型的1龄、2龄植株之间具有显著差异,灰绿型羊草水分利用能力高于黄绿型羊草.CO_2倍增胁迫对干旱条件下两个生态型羊草植株蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的降低有一定的缓解作用.     

白羊草光合特性和水分利用效率对土壤水分响应的研究

为揭示黄土丘陵区乡土草种白羊草光合生理生态特征和其水分利用效率对土壤水分的响应关系,本研究采用盆栽控制实验,比较研究白羊草在充分供水、轻度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫3个水分处理下的光合生理特征、瞬时水分利用效率及生物量的变化情况。结果表明:1充分供水和轻度水分胁迫处理下,光合速率日变化呈"双峰"型曲线并出现明显的光合"午休"现象;2干旱胁迫对地上部分的影响显著高于地下,重度水分胁迫显著增加白羊草根冠比和细根生物量,降低粗根生物量;3水分利用效率在充分供水时受叶片温度影响最大,在轻度水分胁迫时受大气饱和水汽压亏缺的影响最大,在重度水分胁迫时受大气温度的影响最大。     

水分胁迫及复水对香蒲生长和光合参数的影响

以香蒲为研究对象,通过盆栽试验,分析了其主要生长时期内在水分胁迫(水分处理由轻到严重分别为W1、W2、W3、W4以及对照CK)及复水条件下净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度Gs、蒸腾速率Tr、水分利用效率(WUF)、株高PH、生物量等指标的变化特征。结果表明,以上指标随着水分胁迫程度加剧而降低;水分利用效率在7月底出现了较大差异,在试验结束时其大小为W2W3W1CK,W4处理下水分利用效率不增反减,适度水分胁迫提高了水分利用效率;复水使受水分胁迫处理的香蒲生长和光合作用有所恢复,但都不能恢复到对照水平。W4处理恢复幅度最大,但由于其背景值最小,最好只能恢复到W3处理水平;30%的土壤含水量可能是香蒲受水分胁迫的阈值,当低于该值时复水后香蒲很难恢复到较好状态;复水后,由于香蒲增加了水分吸收使鲜重比干重增加更多。     

遮荫对雪茄外包烟叶光合和水分利用效率日变化的影响

通过对遮荫处理及不遮荫对照的光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率以及PSⅡ最光化学效率的测定和分析,探讨了遮荫对雪茄外包烟叶光合和水分利用效率日变化的影响,以期为雪茄外包烟叶的质量提高提供一定的光合生理基础.结果表明:遮荫导致了净光合速率,水分利用效率的下降,而蒸腾速率在下午有升高的趋势,气孔导度也较不遮荫对照明显升高,遮荫处理的PSⅡ的最大光化学效率和光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)潜在活性都优于不遮荫比对照,而且变化曲线更为平缓.     

田间增加UV-B辐射对丝瓜光合作用日变化及水分利用效率的影响

在自然条件下，增加不同强度的UV—B辐射，对攀援植物丝瓜叶片光合速率日变化和水分利用效率进行了研究，发现经增加R1强度UV—B辐射处理的丝瓜的净光合速率和蒸腾速率比对照上升了28％和33％，水分利用效率则下降了3．4％，而经增加R2强度UV—B辐射处理的丝瓜的净光合速率和蒸腾速率比对照上升了47％和13％，水分利用效率也上升了28％，且其光合作用不受午间强光的抑制，光合午休现象消失了．这表明，在该实验的UV—B强度下，丝瓜的光合作用不但未受抑制，反而还增强了，说明适当增加UV—B辐射对丝瓜的生长有利．     

土壤干旱胁迫对云锦杜鹃水分利用效率的影响

以盆栽5年生云锦杜鹃苗木为材料,分对照(土壤水分含量为最大田间持水量的75%~80%)、轻度胁迫(60%~65%)、中度胁迫(45%~50%)、重度胁迫(30%~35%)4组,研究了土壤干旱对水分利用效率等生理指标的影响,结果表明:随着干旱胁迫的加重,叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度依次降低,水分利用效率在轻度胁迫下增高,在重度胁迫下降低.高温使净光合速率降低,蒸腾速率升高,水分利用效率进一步降低.     

枣树抗旱性研究初报

以盆栽2年生的蒙山脆枣和沾化冬枣为试材，对不同干旱胁迫程度下的叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率、叶片光合水分利用效率等生理指标进行了研究，并对2个枣品种的抗旱性进行了评价，结果表明：尽管品种间的变化存在着差异，但随着干旱胁迫程度的加重；其叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及净光合速率均呈下降趋势，而单叶水分利用效率呈上升趋势；其永久萎蔫系数均低于3％。表明这二种枣树的抗旱能力较强。     

水分胁迫对欧李光合速率日变化的影响

通过不同程度的水分胁迫对欧李叶水势、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和光合速率日变化影响的研究。结果表明在水分胁迫下,欧李叶水势、气孔导度、蒸腾速率的光合速率降低,且随胁迫程度加剧而增大。水分胁迫使欧李光合速率日变化曲线由单峰型变成双峰型。     

大气CO2浓度升高对棉花生理特性和生长的影响

根据在人工气候室取得的试验资料,分析了大气ＣＯ２ 浓度倍增对棉花叶气孔阻力和导度、叶温、叶光合和蒸腾速率、生长状况与干物质积累等的影响．结果表明,大气ＣＯ２ 浓度倍增,棉花叶气孔阻力增加,导度降低,叶温增加,光合速率增大,蒸腾速率降低,水分利用效率明显提高,棉花生长加快．这些性质的变化在不同土壤水分条件下（高低两种水分处理）产生明显的差异,表现为大气ＣＯ２ 浓度增加对光合速率和生长的正效应及其对蒸腾的抑制作用削弱了水分胁迫对棉花光合和生长产生的不利影响,在低水分条件下棉花水分利用效率增加的比例大于高水分条件下的     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-