基于场景切换的H.264码率控制技术

在H.264/AVC编码器中,由于采用了固定长度的图像组(GOP)结构,不能有效地处理视频序列中的场景切换,导致场景切换帧后续各帧编码质量严重下降。为了有效解决该问题,提出了一种自适应的码率控制算法,通过场景切换的快速检测方法检测视频序列中的场景切换,在场景切换帧处终止当前GOP并对GOP层的码率分配算法做出修正。仿真结果表明:采用该算法可以有效地降低场景切换对后续帧编码质量的影响,而且合理地分配码率资源,提高了整个视频序列的编码质量。在相同码率条件下,整体编码质量可以提高0.3-0.5dB。     

基于场景切换的B帧量化参数分配方法

H.264/SVC实现了对基本层码率控制,但对于视频序列中场景切换并没有有效的检测,也没有考虑到场景切换对视频编码质量的影响.本文结合H.264/SVC特有的分层B帧预测金子塔编码结构,首先提出一种改进的基于图像复杂度的实时场景切换检测算法,结合场景切换的类型,再对存在场景切换的GOP编码单元中时间分级的高层B帧量化参数进行修改.实验结果表明在不产生信道码率突变的前提下,明显改善了场景切换处的视频质量.     

基于场景切换的H.264码率控制算法

H.264/AVC提出的码率控制算法不能有效处理场景切换,因此导致关于场景切换的解码图像质量下降。为了解决该问题,文章提出了一种自适应控制算法来提高场景切换点的图像质量,使用像素不同灰度值来检测场景切换序列,如果检测到场景切换,根据场景切换点在视频图像组(GOP)中的位置,动态地改变GOP结构和长度的资源再分配。结果表明,该算法可以有效减少场景切换对图像编码质量的影响。     

视频通信中基于场景切换检测的H．264帧层码率控散

H．264采用的码率控制算法JVT-G012在信道带宽和压缩后图像质量之间取得了不错的平衡。然而,由于没有考虑到场景切换,在JVT-G012控制下包含场景切换的视频序列压缩后的视频质量往往有较大波动。为应对视频通信中可能出现的场景切换,提出了一种新颖的基于场景切换检测的H．264帧层码率控制算法。首先,提出了一种基于宏块级亮度直方图差异的场景切换检测方法。然后,使用结合跳帧控制的可变长GOP处理检测到的场景切换。仿真结果显示,和JVT-G012相比,所提码率控制算法能够有效应对视频序列中可能出现的场景切换,在同等码率下显著提高整个序列的平均PSNR,并且保持了较低的编码器缓冲区占用度。     

视频通信中基于场景切换检测的H.264帧层码率控制

H.264采用的码率控制算法JVT-G012在信道带宽和压缩后图像质量之间取得了不错的平衡.然而,由于没有考虑到场景切换,在JVT-G012控制下包含场景切换的视频序列压缩后的视频质量往往有较大波动.为应对视频通信中可能出现的场景切换,提出了一种新颖的基于场景切换检测的H.264帧层码率控制算法.首先,提出了一种基于宏块级亮度直方图差异的场景切换检测方法.然后,使用结合跳帧控制的可变长GOP处理检测到的场景切换.仿真结果显示,和JVT-G012相比,所提码率控制算法能够有效应对视频序列中可能出现的场景切换,在同等码率下显著提高整个序列的平均PSNR,并且保持了较低的编码器缓冲区占用度.     

基于场景切换检测的码率控制策略

分析了场景切换下ＴＭ５率控制算法失效的原因,指出Ｐ,Ｂ帧预测效果下降到Ｉ、Ｐ帧目标比特数计算误差加大是导致图像编码质量下降的主要因素,提出了基于场景切换检测和视觉时域掩盖效应的码率控制策略,并在场景切换时对ＴＭ５算法得到的目标比特数进行了修正。实验表明,该方法可以在保证编码缓冲区不发生上溢的前提下改善切换点及后续帧的图像编码质量。     

并行视频序列MPEG-2编码的优化联合码率控制

针对数字电视广播以及视频点播(VOD)应用环境中的多路视频节目并行编码传输，提出了一种优化的联合分层码率控制模型。该模型吸取了基于TM5码率控制策略中采用全局图像编码复杂度的统计测度，在GOP(Group of Pictures)结构中建立多路视频序列并行图像合帧的统计编码复杂度测度；根据变换编码器的信源模型和各序列图像帧平均量化误差的码字预测，在图像层进行并行序列的联合码率分配。实验结果表明，各路视频节目图像质量趋于一致。     

场景切换下MPEG—2码率控制策略

通过研究输出缓存器码率控制策略,分析了码率控制策略能精确地控制码率及合理地分配码字的机制。结果表明,码率控制通过监视“虚拟缓存器”状态调节量化尺度因子,能保持实际帧编码比特数与预分配帧编码比特数一致,从而在恒定码率下,获得均匀的图象质量。针对场景切换所带来的影响,根据人眼对场景切换时图象质量降质不敏感的特性,提出了一改进的码率控制策略,原则是保持正常的码字分配,而降低切换帧的图象质量,从而使得后续     

基于场景切换的码率控制方法

基于对H.264码率控制算法的研究,考虑到图像中编码帧的复杂度和场景切换,提出了场景切换检测方法和相应的码率控制算法,实验结果表明,与以前的算法相比,论文提出的方法在准确控制码率的同时,图像的视觉质量也得到了提高。     

一种高效的H.264码率控制方法

针对H．264编码方案提出了一种实时的无需二次编码的比特分配和码率控制策略．在一个可以在模式选择前预测当前帧编码复杂度的码率模型基础上给出基于宏块条的码率控制策略，包括帧、宏块条的比特分配和量化级计算方法以及求取码率模型参数的自适应算法，并对场景切换进行了检测和处理．实验结果表明，与JVT提案中部分使用二次编码的码率控制方法JVT-E069相比，所提出的方法在相同条件下码率控制得更准确，并能获得较高的PSNR和主观视觉质量，特别在有场景切换的情况下PSNR可提高0．5dB．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to