基于多尺度积的磁共振图像增强算法

结合磁共振图像(MRI)特点,分析了噪声对小波变换的影响,对小波系数间的相关性进行分析和归类,根据图像类型的不同,选取不同的函数进行MRI增强。本文提出了一个新的分段函数对未定点进行增强,实验表明,此函数在对图像中的未定点进行增强的过程中,能较好地抑制其中的噪声点,有效地增强像素点。     

基于小波系数相关性的MRI图像像素点分类处理算法

由于图像软组织的对比度和信噪比均较低的原因,传统的二进小波算法在进行磁共振图像的增强处理时效果不明显.文章首先在分析小波变换对噪声影响规律的基础上,结合磁共振图像(MRI)特点,对二进小波变换中各尺度上小波系数间的相关性进行分析和归类.其次,文章通过改进的小波系数相关性置信度方法,将MRI图像的像素点分为信号点、噪声点和性质未定点,并采用不同的增强函数对信号点和噪声点进行有效处理.最后,文章提出了一个基于三阶分段函数的性质未定点处理算法.实验表明,文章中所采取的方法能较好地实现像素点的分类,抑制其中的噪声点,有效地增强目标像素点.     

基于多尺度边缘的血管内超声图像增强算法

血管内超声图像同时具有低对比度和低信噪比的特征,传统的图像增强算法会明显放大噪声.为此,提出一种基于边缘表示的算法来增强血管内超声图像的对比度,采用平滑函数的导数作为小波函数对图像进行二进小波分解,使用小波系数在各尺度间的局部极大值来刻画图像的多尺度边缘,通过拉伸小波系数极大值再重构图像来增强灰度图像的对比度.实验结果表明,本文提出的增强算法在有效增强图像对比度的同时避免了放大噪声,并且可以通过调节不同尺度的拉伸因子来获得不同的增强效果,同时提高了运算速度.     

基于小波域的软阈值噪声图像增强

针对噪声图像增强提出基于小波域的软阈值算法，基于信号和噪声在小波变换现具有不同的传播特性，图像经二维小波变换后得不同尺度的子带图像，在不同尺度的子带图像以软阈值算法进行增强，最后进行小波重构得到增强图像，实验表明，与传统算法相比本文算法在细节增强和噪声抑制上取得较好效果。     

基于双变量收缩函数与小波系数增强的SAR图像去噪

在充分考虑斑点噪声模型特殊性的基础上,将双变量收缩函数与小波系数显著性增强相结合,提出一种新的用于SAR图像的斑点抑制算法.将双变量收缩函数与双树复小波推广至斑点噪声模型,利用相邻尺度小波系数的联合概率密度函数与噪声的统计模型联立后,通过最大后验概率估计出滤波后图像的小波系数,再采用小波系数的模极大值准则对系数进行显著性增强,突出图像的边缘特征和点特征.仿真实验表明,与其他传统的去噪算法相比,该算法具有更好的去噪效果.     

基于小波的医学图像自适应增强

提出了一种对图像进行增强的方法，该方法的特点是，单独地处理小波系数，并且分析小波相邻各层之间的相关性，作为判断噪声的依据，然后利用这些信息对图像进行增强．实验结果表明，这种小波增强方法可以减小噪声的放大，能够在增强图像微小细节和避免放大噪声两方面获得令人满意的结果．医学图像往往同时具有低对比度和较高噪声，因此本文提出的方法正适用于这类图像．     

基于小波变换的医学图像增强方法与实现

分析研究了基于小波变换的图像增强原理和方法,对X线医学图像进行3层小波分解,得到各层的小波系数;采用不同的增强算法对不同层次的小波系数进行处理;利用处理后的小波系数进行小波逆变换,得到增强后的图像.实验结果表明该方法的增强效果明显优于直方图均衡化方法,既提高了图像的整体对比度,又突出了图像的局部细节,同时还抑制了噪声.     

小波变换在微光图像处理中的应用

微光图像中含有的噪声点具有椒盐噪声的特点,对图像进行小波变换,然后根据噪声的特点仅对其高频小波系数进行小波重构,重构后得到含有细节和噪声点的图像;根据重构图像的直方图的特点,对重构图像进行阈值处理,得到只含有噪声点的图像。根据小波变换提取的噪声点位置,对含噪的微光图像进行中值滤波处理,消除掉微光图像中的椒盐噪声。克服了中值滤波方法的边缘模糊的缺点,保持了微光图像中的细节部分。     

小波变换在微光图像处理中的应用

微光图像中含有的噪声点具有椒盐噪声的特点,对图像进行小波变换,然后根据噪声的特点仅对其高频小波系数进行小波重构,重构后得到含有细节和噪声点的图像;根据重构图像的直方图的特点,对重构图像进行阈值处理,得到只含有噪声点的图像。根据小波变换提取的噪声点位置,对含噪的微光图像进行中值滤波处理,消除掉微光图像中的椒盐噪声。克服了中值滤波方法的边缘模糊的缺点,保持了微光图像中的细节部分。     

一种基于小波变换的地震图像增强方法研究与应用

对数字图像增强方法进行研究,详细分析了小波变换中选择硬、软阈值的原理,并根据地震数据特点,对小波阈值进行了改进。经过大庆油田多地区地震图像的验证,新的阈值函数可以有效去除高斯白噪声和脉冲噪声,对图像增强效果显著。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.