高温下岩石力学性质的数值试验研究

考虑岩石细观组构的不同,采用随机非均匀介质热弹性力学模型和有限元分析方法。进而,仅考虑热膨胀系数为随机介质,在平面应变模型下,并进行了岩石热破裂的数值试验,以花岗岩为样本,对均匀分布、正态分布、韦泊分布等三种随机分布下弹性模量和泊松比引起的岩石破裂门槛温度值的变化作了详细研究,揭示了弹性模量和泊松比对岩石热破裂门槛温度值％的变化规律。     

深部巷道围岩热-固耦合条件下的变形破坏数值分析

为研究深部巷道围岩热-固耦合条件下的变形破坏特征,根据深部巷道围岩体稳态温度场模型,得出了热-固耦合条件下深部巷道围岩体应力场、位移场及塑性圈半径的解析解,总结了热应力作用下围岩变形破坏的影响因素。借助Comsol Multiphysics多物理场耦合仿真软件对深部巷道围岩进行热-固耦合数值模拟,并将岩石力学参数与温度的关系引入模拟计算,分析了热应力、支护阻力对围岩变形破坏的影响规律。仿真结果显示,围岩热应力场分布呈非线性变化,浅部应力梯度大,深部应力梯度小;当巷内温度低于原岩温度时,热应力为压应力;随原岩温度升高,径向卸压范围及切向应力集中范围扩大,围岩塑性圈宽度和径向位移值有所增大;随巷内支护阻力提高,围岩塑性圈宽度和径向位移值则有所减小。现场试验发现,巷道围岩热应力场、应力场及位移场计算结果与实测结果吻合较好。     

边坡失稳系统的固流耦合模型

在考虑边坡岩体物理力学性质不均一性及地下水渗透力分布不均匀性的条件下,将边坡失稳作为一个系统来定性地分析其在失稳过程中的机理,建立了边坡失稳系统固流耦合的数学模型,并结合算例分别对应力和位移进行了耦合分析,从而验证该数学模型的可靠性。     

煤岩力学非均质性对孔渗性质的影响规律

煤岩是由有机质和无机矿物组成的复杂不均匀多孔介质,非均质性较强,目前研究鲜有考虑煤岩力学非均质性对煤岩渗透率与孔隙度时空演化规律的影响.基于Weibull概率密度分布函数表征煤岩弹性模量的非均质性,建立了考虑煤岩内甲烷解吸引起的气压变化、线性热膨胀效应和煤岩骨架收缩变形的热流固耦合三维有限元模型,通过煤岩渗透率与孔隙度与温度场、应力场和压力场间的交叉耦合关联式,分析了非均质度下煤岩表征单元体内渗透率与孔隙度参数的变化规律.结果表明:煤岩力学非均质性是影响煤岩渗透率与孔隙度分布的重要因素之一,非均质煤层的渗透率与孔隙度分布呈现出明显的波动震荡特征,在不同位置处的孔渗参数大小不等;随着井眼距离增加,渗透率和孔隙度可能呈现与均质煤岩情况恰好相反的变化趋势.因此,煤岩的孔隙度与渗透率演化是一个复杂的热流固耦合过程.研究结果对指导煤层气高效开采具有重要的理论意义.     

高温下花岗岩热物理特性数值试验研究

采用随机介质固热耦合有限元分析方法，在平面应变模型下，进行了花岗岩热物理特性的数值试验，在韦泊随机分布下对热膨胀系数变化引起的花岗石热破裂温度的变化做了详细研究，揭示了花岗石热物理特性与温度的变化规律。     

多孔介质伴有相变多相流的热-流-固耦合数学模型

本文在前人物理分区的基础上,认真分析各区渗流特点,考虑"凝析气、液相变作用、非达西效应、热交换、相速度及流体性质"等因素,引入非达西因子及由于相变产生的毛管力、表面张力,提出了表征凝析气藏多相高速流相变渗流特征模型方程,同时考虑汽化潜热及流固热耦合,推导出流-固热耦合能量方程,建立了相应的多孔介质中伴有相变的多相流-固-热耦合渗流数学模型.     

岩石非均匀特性的DDA方法模拟

采用非连续变形分析(discontinuous deformation analysis,DDA)方法,根据Weibull分布函数引入岩石细观非均匀性模型,对巴西圆盘的劈裂实验进行计算机模拟.在非均匀性模型中考虑弹性模量、泊松比和强度参数的非均匀性.非均匀圆盘和均匀圆盘模拟结果的对比表明,非均匀模型的引入使得细观尺度下采用线性本构能够得到岩石的宏观非线性力学响应,并且非均匀性的引入使得岩石表现出更低的宏观强度特性.通过对比只考虑弹性模量、泊松比的非均匀性和同时考虑弹性模量、泊松比和强度的非均匀性的模拟结果,发现考虑强度非均匀性的巴西圆盘宏观强度更低且裂纹的产生更加分散.研究工作有助于对岩石非均匀和非线性特性的理解及其数值模拟分析.     

平板通道中热局部非平衡对努塞尔数的影响

利用傅里叶级数,研究了多孔介质平板通道中Darcy流体热局部非平衡对努塞尔数的影响.考虑流体流动方向的热传导以及固相和流相相互作用的粘性耗散,根据热局部非平衡的两能量方程模型,得到了常壁温时多孔介质固相骨架温度和孔隙流体温度的解析解.针对不同的物性参数,给出了局部努塞尔数的分布特征.通过参数研究,揭示了热局部非平衡时强迫对流努塞尔数的响应特征.     

采用热固双向耦合模型的转子热应力计算方法研究

为准确计算汽轮机转子在启、停机过程中的热应力,建立了转子瞬态温度场、应力场分析的热固双向耦合轴对称计算模型。该模型在考虑转子温度场对应力场影响的同时,也考虑了应力场对温度场的影响。采用热固双向耦合有限元模型计算了某超超临界660MW超高压转子的瞬态温度场和热应力场,并研究了热固双向耦合和单向模型计算结果的差异。计算结果表明:在转子启动过程中,温度与变形之间的耦合作用会随主蒸汽和转子表面温差增大而增强,当转子表面初温与主蒸汽温差为280℃时,两种模型计算出的转子最大热应力相差6.6%。因此,在转子表面热冲击较大的情况下,应选择热固双向耦合模型进行转子热应力计算。     

基于PHF-LSM-MT法岩石材料细观边界建模与水力裂缝扩展研究

天然非均质岩石具有复杂的细观结构和分布特征,本文结合柏林噪声建立考虑非规则边界的颗粒几何模型,实现考虑任意粒径、长短半轴、倾角和平面填充率的非规则颗粒填充.基于完全流-固耦合弹塑性理论,在已有的PHF-LSM(permeability-based hydraulic fracture level set method)模型基础上,通过引入MT (Mori-Tanaka)均匀化方法考虑积分点有效范围内细观尺度的材料分布特征,进而建立了PHF-LSM-MT非均质岩石材料细观特征建模及其水力压裂过程模拟方法.结合误差分析验证了该方法的可行性,在此基础上对非均质岩石材料进行了水力压裂过程模拟,得到了等效开裂区域.模拟结果表明:注水点水压力呈先升高后降低的趋势,起裂压力随包裹体体积分数增加而降低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-