光敏剂在光动力治疗中的研究进展

对光动力治疗(photodynamic therapy,PDT)中常用的光敏剂进行了综述.光动力治疗自问世以来,已被广泛应用于肿瘤以及非肿瘤疾病的治疗.在光化学反应中,能够被光照激活并把能量传递给反应物,而本身并不发生反应的物质被称为光敏剂.光敏剂作为PDT的一个重要影响因素,其研究进展对于PDT的发展起着非常重要的作用.光敏剂大体分为三代:第一代以血卟啉衍生物为主,第二代以卟啉、卟吩为代表,第三代是在第二代的基础上进行化学基团修饰.经过几十年的发展,光敏剂的化学性质更加稳定,副作用更加小.     

肝靶向半乳糖化HCPT脂质体的研究

为了增强脂质体作为药物载体对肝癌细胞的靶向能力,通过在脂质体表面修饰肝靶向基团的方法,设计并合成了新型低毒性的肝细胞靶向脂质材料(Mono-Gal-ST),并制备了相应的半乳糖修饰的脂质体(MonoGal-LPs)和常规脂质体(LPs)。体外生物学实验结果表明,与LPs相比,Mono-Gal-LPs有更好的肝靶向能力和区分肝癌细胞和正常细胞的能力。     

高岭土纳米管的结构表征、细胞学效应及其表面功能化修饰

首先研究了天然矿物高岭土的形貌结构和细胞学效应.采用,TEM、SEM表征了高岭土纳米管的形态结构,MTT比色法研究了高岭土纳米管的细胞毒性效应.再通过基团之间的静电作用将阳离子聚合物聚乙烯亚胺负载到表面带负电的高岭土纳米管表面,并经过化学交联剂作用将靶向分子叶酸(FA)连接到功能化的高岭土纳米管表面.对功能化修饰的高岭土纳米管进行了Zeta电位和紫外可见吸收光谱的表征,结果表明:聚乙烯亚胺和叶酸成功地负载到高岭土纳米管的表面,从而形成了一种新型的功能化高岭土纳米管材料.     

氟化透明质酸光敏剂负载聚多巴胺纳米粒子用于乏氧肿瘤的光动力与光热协同治疗

光动力疗法(PDT)是光敏剂通过光激活产生的单线态氧(~1O_2)来杀死癌细胞。光动力疗法的3个关键因素主要有:光、光敏剂与组织氧。在PDT治疗过程中,氧气消耗和实体瘤中固有的缺氧微环境可能进一步导致供氧不足,阻碍光动力疗效,而光热疗法(PTT)不受乏氧环境的影响,且具有无创性、低毒性等优点。将全氟化碳(PFCs)和光敏剂(Pba)接枝到透明质酸(HA)链中,然后负载聚多巴胺纳米粒子(PDANPs),设计出了一种新型的靶向自供氧光动力与光热协同治疗体系。由于PDANPs优良的光热转换性能、PFC较高的氧亲和力和HA的肿瘤靶向性,使得该协同疗法的抗肿瘤作用显著提高,细胞毒性实验以及细胞摄取实验证明了其增强的光热与光动力治疗效果。     

磷酸壳寡糖修饰阿霉素脂质体的制备及体内外评价

本研究首次合成了磷酸壳寡糖-胆固醇接枝物(PCS-Chol),并对其结构、取代度和特性黏度等进行了考察.制备了由该接枝物所修饰的磷酸壳寡糖-阿霉素脂质体(PCS-DOX-L),考察了该脂质体的粒径、包封率、形态以及体外释放.采用MTT法评价了该制剂对MG63细胞的毒性,并进一步研究了其在荷瘤裸鼠体内的组织分布情况.结果表明,该脂质体的粒径为209. 5±0. 5 nm,包封率为(85. 4±2. 2)%;体外释放具有一定的pH响应性和缓释特性.MTT实验表明该脂质体对MG63细胞的毒性具有时间和浓度双依赖性.荷瘤裸鼠的体内分布实验表明,PCS-L具有一定的骨肉瘤靶向性.本研究初步证明了PCS在体内具有良好的骨靶向性,所修饰形成的PCS-L可用于骨肉瘤的靶向治疗.     

N端6-甲基辛酰基化修饰对小肽KTKKKFLKKT结构的影响

得到生物活性肽的三维结构,有助于预测和理解其功能机理．研究发现对小肽KT—KKKFLKKT的N端进行6-甲基辛酰基化修饰后,其细胞毒性增强．用nnPredict服务器预测,发现该小肽具有α螺旋二级结构序列特征．为研究此修饰造成该小肽细胞毒性增强的分子机理,用AM—BER软件对该小肽进行全原子折叠模拟,发现其最低能量结构确实形成右手α螺旋,再对该结构的N端进行6-甲基辛酰基化修饰后,以分子动力学模拟计算,发现6-甲基辛酸可通过与氨基酸侧链间的疏水作用破坏小肽最低能量结构的α螺旋,增强了该小肽疏水相互作用,这可能是此修饰造成该小肽细胞毒性增强的原因所在,这为指导实验研究其细胞毒性分子机理和进一步修饰设计奠定了基础．     

荧光染料探针修饰研究进展

介绍荧光染料生物标记技术研究及应用发展状况,并对菁染料的特点、修饰及应用现状进行描述.阐明了增强荧光染料的水溶性,与人体组织的相容性和变异细胞识别标记的靶向性,以及提高灵敏度和降低毒性是荧光染料探针修饰研究的热点问题.着重对荧光染料探针修饰方式进行了综述.简要介绍了利用胺衍生物或叠氮将荧光染料定向引入细胞表面,增强染料表达细胞变异信息的改性方法.采用壳聚寡糖对荧光染料进行修饰,在增强探针分子生物组织相容性、靶向性及降低毒性方面具有明显作用.     

利用经修饰的survivin短肽体外诱导对胃癌细胞系具有限制性杀伤作用的特异性细胞毒性T细胞

采用一种简单有效的方法体外诱导经修饰的survivin短肽特异性细胞毒性T细胞,并观察其对胃癌细胞的杀伤作用。选取对HLA-A2分子亲和力更高的survivin短肽(96—104,LLLGEFLKL,HLA-A2限制性)以更有效地诱导特异性T细胞。选取正常志愿者外周血单核细胞,筛选其中HLA-A2+者,利用HLA-A2/survivin短肽有效诱导特异性细胞毒性T细胞。Pentamer实验检测特异性细胞毒性T细胞比率。Elispot实验检测细胞毒性T细胞IFN-γ分泌能力。选取胃癌细胞系MKN28、SGC7901及KATO Ⅲ,检测其HLA-A2和survivin表达情况。检测特异性细胞毒性T细胞对三种细胞系的杀伤效果。Pentamer实验结果显示,HLA-A2/survivin短肽刺激之前短肽/HLA Pentamer和CD8双阳性细胞仅为0.06%,接受刺激后双阳性细胞增加到27.5%。Elispot实验结果显示HLA-A2/survivin短肽刺激后IFN-γ分泌细胞比率明显强于阴性对照组。PCR结果显示,KATO Ⅲ为HLA-A2+,MKN28和SGC7901为HLA-A2-。Western Blotting结果显示KATO III和SGC7901为survivin阳性,MKN28为survivin阴性。特异性细胞毒性T细胞杀伤结果显示,细胞能有效杀伤KATO III细胞,但对其他两种细胞杀伤效果不明显。p<0.01。经修饰的survivin短肽能够有效诱导特异性细胞毒性T细胞,并对胃癌细胞系有HLA-A2/survivin限制性杀伤。     

融合聚精氨酸九肽的小热休克蛋白 原核表达及蛋白纯化

目的构建小热休克蛋白-聚精氨酸九肽融合蛋白的原核表达载体,表达纯化融合蛋白.方法在小热休克蛋白表达载体的基础上利用点突变方法引入聚精氨酸九肽对应序列,转入BL21大肠杆菌感受态细胞进行原核表达,利用亲和层析方法对表达蛋白进行纯化.结果成功构建了融合聚精氨酸九肽的HSP16. 5融合蛋白表达载体,并对其在大肠杆菌细胞中的原核表达进行条件优化,研究显示:在诱导剂IPTG浓度为0. 5 mmol、37℃条件下诱导4 h目的蛋白产量较高.结论此实验成功构建了小热休克蛋白-聚精氨酸九肽融合蛋白的原核表达载体,得到了高纯度的小热休克蛋白-聚精氨酸九肽融合蛋白,为进一步研究其功能奠定基础.     

用于增强抗肿瘤功效的共载紫杉醇和基因的壳聚糖衍生物载体

本研究对壳聚糖进行亲水修饰、疏水修饰,制得两亲性壳聚糖衍生物(OTC),再用叶酸(FA)修饰OTC得到FOTC.用此FOTC共载难溶性抗肿瘤药物紫杉醇(PTX)和SurvivinshRNA表达质粒(iSur-pDNA)得到FOTC/PTX/pDNA纳米复合物.体外抗肿瘤试验结果表明:与OTC/PTX/pDNA纳米复合物相比,FOTC/PTX/pDNA纳米复合物可提高pDNA释放速率,降低PTX释放速率,显著提高细胞摄取量,提高体外转染效率,增强肿瘤细胞增殖抑制能力.联合给药肿瘤细胞增殖抑制能力强于单独给药.体内抗肿瘤试验结果表明:联合给药可协同增强抗肿瘤作用,FA修饰可增强其主动靶向能力.因此,FOTC有望作为紫杉醇和基因联合给药的递送载体.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.