Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline steels. The effective grain size and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries in the pipeline steels were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction analysis. It is found that the low temperature toughness of the pipeline steels depends not only on the effective grain size, but also on other microstructural factors such as martensite-austenite (MA) constituents and precipitates. The morphology and size of MA constituents significantly affect the mechanical properties of the pipeline steels. Nubby MA constituents with large size have significant negative effects on the toughness, while smaller granular MA constituents have less harmful effects. Similarly, larger Ti-rich nitrides with sharp corners have a strongly negative effect on the toughness, while fine, spherical Nb-rich carbides have a less deleterious effect. The low temperature toughness of the steels is independent of the fraction of high angle grain boundaries.     

奥氏体变形及冷却速率对低碳贝氏体组织中大角晶界分布的影响

使用电子背散射衍射技术研究了低C高Mn高Nb成分设计下,非再结晶奥氏体变形及加速冷却速率对低碳贝氏体组织取向差特征和大角晶界分布的影响.结果表明,与原奥氏体晶粒内部的相变组织相比,原奥氏体晶界附近具有更高的大角晶界密度,非再结晶区奥氏体变形及快速冷却都有利于提高共格相变的驱动力、弱化变体选择以及有效增加大角晶界密度.此外,非再结晶区的大变形除了可充分压扁奥氏体晶粒和增加单位面积的奥氏体晶界密度外,还导致奥氏体晶界上细小的非共格转变铁素体晶粒生成,且这些铁素体晶粒与相邻组织表现出大取向差.     

均匀化退火和锻造对双相耐磨钢强韧性的影响

研究了一种低合金双相耐磨钢经均匀化退火和锻造处理后的微观组织和强韧性能.结果表明:经980℃均匀化退火4,8 h和1 150℃锻造处理后,实验钢显微组织主要为板条状马氏体、针状贝氏体及少量残余奥氏体,锻造处理后的晶粒度最小为7.0~7.5级,均匀化退火处理后的晶粒度最大为6.5~7.0级.均匀化退火的保温时间是影响双相耐磨钢力学性能的主要因素,实验钢保温4 h时的冲击韧性和延伸率值高于保温8 h的值.锻造比均匀化退火更适宜于提高低合金双相耐磨钢的强韧性,优化工艺为始锻温度1 150℃、终锻温度800℃、锻造比2.     

Fe-11Mn-4Al-02C钢的应变硬化行为

采用淬火-回火的新工艺，使冷轧实验钢Fe-11Mn在700~800℃淬火后得到铁素体和奥氏体的双相组织.通过拉伸实验可得实验钢抗拉强度达到920~1150MPa，延伸率达到35%~65%.通过XRD对试样拉伸变形前后的组织进行了分析，表明实验钢在拉伸过程中发生了TRIP效应.通过分析冷轧实验钢拉伸过程中的应变硬化行为，证明了合适的铁素体数量和奥氏体晶粒尺寸使奥氏体发生TRIP效应的时机最佳，从而得到优良的力学性能.     

电阻焊接用高强Q125级石油套管钢组织及其性能

设计了一种低合金含量的Q125级高强度石油套管用钢,研究了热处理工艺对实验钢组织和力学性能的影响．与870℃淬火＋500℃回火工艺相比,实验钢在850℃淬火＋500℃回火工艺下具有更好的强韧性配合．与870℃淬火相比,850℃淬火处理的奥氏体晶粒尺寸较小,使决定钢力学性能的晶区、板条束尺寸细化,因此其性能更优异．淬火温度对实验钢的析出行为影响不大．尺寸较大的TiN以及TiC和TiN复合析出物对奥氏体晶界起到钉扎作用,可以抑制奥氏体晶粒的长大;含有Mo的尺寸较小的TiC可以起到钉扎位错的作用,阻止位错移动,对强度的提高贡献很大．     

High temperature strength and ductility of the (C+N) strengthening Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V) steels

Fe-Cr-Mn(W, V) austenite steels used as low radioactive structural materials in fusion reactor have been investigated. The resultsshow that the high temperature strength and the creep fracture life of Fe-Cr-Mn(W, V) steels can be effectively improved through (C+N) complex-strengthening, so can be the high temperature ductility. The strength and ductility of the steels are superior to that of SUS316 steels and JPCAS below 673K. The relationship between strength, ductility andthe formation temperature is related to the evolution of deformation microstructure. The fracture and microstructure observation above 673Kindicates that the main way to further improve ductility at high temperature is the control of carbide coarsening at the grain boundaries.     

不同应变速率热变形双相不锈钢的取向特征

在MMS-200热模拟实验机上,对S32750超级双相不锈钢在1 000℃,应变速率为0.01～10 s-1的条件下进行了高温压缩实验,利用电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术对其晶体取向和晶界特征进行了分析.研究结果表明:在低应变速率时,铁素体晶粒出现〈111〉∥压缩轴织构;在高应变速率时,〈001〉织构又明显增加.铁素体晶粒随着应变速率的增加变得细小,而小角度晶界数量增加;在应变速率为10 s-1时,形变后奥氏体晶粒得到了〈110〉织构.应变速率的增加使奥氏体晶粒变大,小角度晶界数量增加.奥氏体相在小应变速率条件下变形可以获得更多的Σ3孪晶界.     

轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质钢力学性能的影响

通过采用不同的轧制和冷却工艺并进行再加热淬火和回火处理，分析各状态下的组织和力学性能以及不同轧态组织的再加热奥氏体化进程，研究了轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质高强钢力学性能的影响规律.结果表明，控制轧制能够增加轧态组织的原奥氏体晶界面积，提高再加热奥氏体形核率，得到较细化的再加热淬火组织，并且能够提高回火后的强韧性能.实验钢轧后连续水冷条件下得到马氏体组织，而空冷条件下得到的粒状贝氏体组织内碳元素分布不均匀，有利于提高再加热淬火回火后的强度.实验钢在控制轧制中断冷却工艺下能获得最佳的调质态力学性能.     

高强度马氏体钢显微组织对腐蚀行为影响的研究进展

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area of passive film such as inclusions, carbide/intermetallic interfaces. Meanwhile, the chromium carbide precipitations in the martensitic lath/prior austenite boundaries always result in intergranular corrosion. The precipitation, dislocation and grain/lath boundary are also used as crack nucleation and hydrogen traps, leading to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Yet, the retained/reversed austenite has beneficial effects on the corrosion resistance and could reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Finally, the corrosion mechanisms of additive manufacturing high strength steels and the ideas for designing new high strength martensite steel are explored.     

Effect of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steel——A literature review

The high strength martensite steels are widely used in aerospace, ocean engineering, etc., due to their high strength, good ductility and acceptable corrosion resistance. This paper provides a review for the influence of microstructure on corrosion behavior of high strength martensite steels. Pitting is the most common corrosion type of high strength stainless steels, which always occurs at weak area of passive film such as inclusions, carbide/intermetallic interfaces. Meanwhile, the chromium carbide precipitations in the martensitic lath/prior austenite boundaries always result in intergranular corrosion. The precipitation, dislocation and grain/lath boundary are also used as crack nucleation and hydrogen traps, leading to hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Yet, the retained/reversed austenite has beneficial effects on the corrosion resistance and could reduce the sensitivity of stress corrosion cracking for high strength martensite steels. Finally, the corrosion mechanisms of additive manufacturing high strength steels and the ideas for designing new high strength martensite steel are explored.     

E690海洋平台用钢力学性能和海洋大气腐蚀行为

以传统的E36海洋平台钢为对比钢,研究三种E690海洋平台钢的组织和力学性能,以及模拟海洋大气环境下的腐蚀行为.通过失重法测得实验钢在不同腐蚀时间下的腐蚀速率,利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪观察并测定了锈层的形貌特征和相组成,采用电子背散射衍射技术对实验钢的晶界类型进行分析.结果表明:以贝氏体组织为特征的E690海洋平台钢具有优异的力学性能,-40℃的冲击值超过了200J;晶界类型主要为3°～15°的亚晶界和大于50°的大角度晶界;E690海洋平台钢周浸16 d后的锈层致密且腐蚀速率已趋于稳定,最低腐蚀速率为0.84 mm.a-1,远低于组织为铁素体+珠光体钢的1.4 mm.a-1,实验钢的锈层主要由Fe3O4、α-FeOOH、β-FeOOH及γ-FeOOH四种晶态相和非晶无定形物组成.通过分析得出,热处理工艺和组织构成对材料的初期腐蚀行为有重要影响,而化学成分和锈层自身的致密性对材料后期腐蚀行为起决定作用.     

低碳中锰热轧TRIP钢退火工艺及组织演变

研究了第三代高强度高塑性TRIP钢的退火工艺对性能的影响和组织演变规律.热轧后形成的原始马氏体与临界退火时形成的残余奥氏体使TRIP钢具有良好的强度和塑性.结果表明:实验用钢可获得1000MPa以上的抗拉强度和30%以上的断后延伸率,且强塑积30 GPa.%;退火温度和保温时间对钢的力学性能具有显著影响,热轧TRIP钢临界退火温度为630℃,保温时间18 h时,实验用钢能获得最佳的综合力学性能.     

一种耐海水腐蚀型超低碳贝氏体钢的研究

为了开发具有高强度、高韧性和耐海水腐蚀性的海洋工程用钢,考察了含磷超低碳贝氏体钢的组织、力学性能和耐海水腐蚀性.超低碳贝氏体钢中磷的质量分数提高至0.09%时能够产生较强的固溶强化作用,而对室温至-40℃范围内的低温冲击韧性影响不大,这归因于钢中C,B原子在原始奥氏体晶界通过竞争机制抑制了P的偏聚,减弱了P产生的冷脆性...     

Characterization of the structural details of residual austenite in the weld metal of a 9Cr1MoNbV welded rotor

The existence of residual austenite in weld metal plays an important role in determining the properties and dimensional accuracy of welded rotors. An effective corrosive agent and the metallographic etching process were developed to clearly reveal the characteristics of residual austenite in the weld metal of a 9Cr1MoNbV welded rotor. Moreover, the details of the distribution, shape, length, length-to-width ratio, and the content of residual austenite were systematically characterized using the Image-Pro Plus image analysis software. The results revealed that the area fraction of residual austenite was approximately 6.3% in the observed weld seam; the average area, length, and length-to-width ratio of dispersed residual austenite were quantitatively evaluated to be (5.5 ± 0.1) μm2, (5.0 ± 0.1) μm, and (2.2 ± 0.1), respectively. The newly developed corrosive agent and etching method offer an appropriate approach to characterize residual austenite in the weld metal of welded rotors in detail.     

回火温度对在线淬火Q690q桥梁钢显微组织和力学性能的影响

通过光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察了不同回火温度下在线淬火Q690q试验钢显微组织,并通过拉伸试验对其力学性能进行了测试.结果表明,在线淬火试验钢主要为板条贝氏体组织,在540~650℃回火,试验钢为回火索氏体组织(铁素体基体上分布着较多的碳化物颗粒).随着回火温度的升高,板条尺寸变大,碳化物颗粒析出数量增多,平均尺寸变大,大角度晶界数量增多.同时随着回火温度的升高,试验钢强度呈下降趋势,塑韧性呈上升趋势.620℃下试验钢的综合力学性能最佳,屈服和抗拉强度分别为878,992MPa,断后延伸率为20%,-40℃下冲击吸收功为143 J.     

Grain refinement in the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone in low-carbon high-strength microalloyed steels

The microstructural features and grain refinement in the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone in low-carbon high-strength microalloyed steels were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron backscattering diffraction. The coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone consists of predominantly bainite and a small proportion of acicular ferrite. Bainite packets are separated by high angle boundaries. Acicular ferrite laths or plates in the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone formed prior to bainite packets partition austenite grains into many smaller and separate areas, resulting in fine-grained mixed microstructures. Electron backscattering diffraction analysis indicates that the average crystallographic grain size of the coarse-grained region of the heat-affected zone reaches 6–9 μm, much smaller than that of austenite grains.     

高铌X80管线钢的组织和性能

基于低C-Si-Mn加0.10%Nb而不加Mo的合金化设计,用高温轧制工艺(HTP,hightemperature processing)在实验室制得API X80级别管线钢.本次试验确定的主要技术参数为:精轧终轧温度830~850℃,终冷温度500~550℃,冷速25~28℃/s,精轧总压下率不小于75%.得到的组织以针状铁素体为主,加少量块状铁素体和粒状贝氏体,并在晶界分布有岛状组织.对冲击断口的金相、SEM(scanning electronmicroscopy)和EDS(energy dispersion scanner)观察发现脆性第二相粒子和原始奥氏体晶界是该管线钢的主要裂纹源.因...     

瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢的组织演变规律

为了探究瞬时淬火工艺下低碳钢组织的演变规律,在热模拟机上对Q195和CR340试样进行了瞬时淬火处理.结果表明,瞬时淬火工艺初期得到马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+未溶渗碳体的复杂混合组织;保温足够时间后,未溶渗碳体逐渐溶解使奥氏体平均碳浓度升高,奥氏体晶粒内碳浓度梯度减小,从而增加组织中马氏体相对量,最终得到全部板条马氏体组织.瞬时淬火工艺与传统淬火工艺相比可明显细化试验钢晶粒尺寸,提高升温速率对试验钢晶粒细化作用更明显.     

微合金钢中氧化物夹杂对焊接热影响区组织、性能的影响

研究了一种微合金钢中夹杂物与模拟焊接热影响区微观组织以及低温冲击韧性的关系.结果发现:实验钢夹杂物以类球状Ti2O3-Al2O3-MnS型复合夹杂为主,分布较为均匀且尺寸小于3μm;在相变冷却时间较短(T8/5=40s)时,试样微观组织以针状铁素体和沿晶铁素体为主,板条贝氏体束较少,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸在50μm左右,低温冲击性能优良;随着相变冷却时间的延长(T8/5=60,80s),原奥氏体晶粒尺寸也随之增大,相变温度的提高和相变区域的变宽使得位于原奥氏体晶界附近的夹杂物对晶界处多边形铁素体的诱导促进作用更加明显,沿晶铁素体长大剧烈,一定程度上消耗了晶内针状铁素体对组织的分割细化作用,使得低温冲击韧性有所降低.     

工程机械用960MPa级调质钢板的淬火工艺研究

以屈服强度960MPa级高强调质钢板开发为目标,研究了淬火热处理制度对试验钢显微结构及力学性能的影响.结果表明:再加热淬火温度及保温时间决定了合金元素的溶解分布状态以及原奥氏体晶粒尺寸,最终影响了试验钢的综合力学性能,当淬火温度为900℃,保温15～25 min左右时试验钢具有优良的性能,即屈服强度Rp0.2=1110...