高效液相色谱同时测定何首乌中大黄酸、大黄素和大黄酚的含量

采用高效液相色谱法建立了同时测定何首乌中大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚三种蒽醌类化合物的方法,样品采用超声波法提取,色谱柱为Phenomenex C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.4%醋酸水溶液(80∶20);流速0.80mL/min;紫外检测波长254nm;柱温为35℃.结果:该方法对大黄酸、大黄素和大黄酚分别在0.0001~12.50μg/mL、0.0002~25.00μg/mL、0.00018~22.50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9999,定性检测限(S/N=3)依次是:0.0703ng/mL、0.0282ng/mL、0.0871ng/mL;样品回收率为88.39%~107.2%.结论:本法操作简单快速、定量准确、灵敏度高、成本低,为何首乌中蒽醌类化合物的检测分离及含量测定提供了一个有效的科学方法.     

HPLC同时测定虎耳草中的岩白菜素、原儿茶酸和没食子酸的含量

建立了以离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIm]PF6)为萃取剂,结合超声辅助萃取,利用高效液相色谱法同时分离测定虎耳草中的岩白菜素、原儿茶酸和没食子酸三种有效成分的方法.方法:采用Phenomenex C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-0.2%冰醋酸水溶液(20∶80,V/V);流速0.8mL/min;紫外检测波长273nm;柱温为35℃.结果:该方法对岩白菜素、原儿茶酸和没食子酸分别在0.00156～130μg/mL(r=0.99999),0.00172～143μg/mL(r=0.99988),0.00140～116μg/mL(r=0.99993)范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.9998,定性检测限(S/N=3)依次是:0.1295ng/mL,0.0749ng/mL,0.0277ng/mL;样品回收率为91.10%～98.26%.结论:本法操作简单快速、定量准确、灵敏度高、成本低、且对环境友好,为虎耳草中岩白菜素、原儿茶酸和没食子酸的检测及分离提供了一个有效的科学方法.     

化学发光法检测苹果汁中的对羟基苯甲酸

在硫酸介质中,对羟基苯甲酸对铈(Ⅳ)-罗丹明6G的化学发光反应有较强的增敏作用,据此建立了测定对羟基苯甲酸的反相高效液相色谱-化学发光新方法.该方法测定对羟基苯甲酸的检出限为3.1×10-10g/mL,方法的线性范围为2.0×10-9～5.0×10-7g/mL,对于1.0×10-8g/mL对羟基苯甲酸11次平行测定的相对标准偏差为1.42%.该方法灵敏度高、线性范围宽,已成功地应用于苹果汁样品中对羟基苯甲酸的含量分析.     

固相萃取-超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法分析海水中9种磺胺类抗生素

应用固相萃取及液相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了海水中9种磺胺类抗生素的分析方法.海水样品经HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化后用甲醇洗脱浓缩定容,利用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱仪多反应监测(MRM)离子模式对目标物进行定性、定量分析.9种磺胺测定的线性范围为0.2～1 000 μg/L,方法检测限在0.2～0.4 ng/L之间(S/N=10,1 000倍浓缩).以海水为基底,磺胺甲基嘧啶为替代物,加标浓度分别为5.0 ng/L和20.0 ng/L时,9种磺胺的回收率在86.4%～150.4%之间,相对标准偏差0.5%～8.4%(n＝4),方法成功应用于厦门近岸海域海水样品中抗生素残留的分析.     

原子吸收法测定碱性电池阳极材料中高含量镍

此方法简单、快速,测定相对误差范围在±0.26—0.16%,满足一般工业分析的允许相对误差±1.0—0.6%范围。准确度和精密度符合同类样品高含量镍的测定.     

微波消解GFAAS法测定动物骨中铅和镉

通过考察各种微波消解因素对微波消解效果的影响,以及通过对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定条件的优化,建立了用微波消解石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定动物骨中铅和镉的分析方法.结果表明,最佳微波消解条件为消解压力15 MPa;消解时间5 min.最佳石墨炉测定条件为铅灰化温度800℃,原子化温度1300℃;镉的灰化温度900℃,原子化温度1200℃.方法线性范围为铅1.566~50 ng/mL;镉0.0745~5 ng/mL.方法检出限为铅0.3132 ng/mL;镉0.0149 ng/mL.样品测定的RSD小于5.0%,加标回收率在88.36%~110%之间.     

固相萃取-超高压液相色谱-串联质谱法分析海水中9种磺胺类抗生素

应用固相萃取及液相色谱-质谱联用技术,建立了海水中9种磺胺类抗生素的分析方法.海水样品经HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化后用甲醇洗脱浓缩定容,利用超高压液相色谱-串联质谱仪多反应监测（MRM）离子模式对目标物进行定性、定量分析.9种磺胺测定的线性范围为0.2～1000μg/L,方法检测限在0.2～0.4 ng/L之间（S/N=10,1 000倍浓缩）.以海水为基底,磺胺甲基嘧啶为替代物,加标浓度分别为5.0 ng/L和20.0 ng/L时,9种磺胺的回收率在86.4%～150.4%之间,相对标准偏差0.5%～8.4%（n=4）,方法成功应用于厦门近岸海域海水样品中抗生素残留的分析.     

微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定芦荟中金属元素的含量

采用微波消解技术消解芦荟,利用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法(MPT—AES)测定了元江芦荟和华芦荟中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn元素的含量。考察了分析谱线、微波前向功率、载气流量、工作气流量、氧屏蔽气压力等实验参数对元素测定的影响,优化了最佳实验条件。方法对Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn元素的检出限分别为5.62ng/mL,3.03ng/mL,78.36ng/mL,25.41ng/mL;线性范围分别为(0.05—100)μg/mL,(0.01—100)μg/mL,(0.2—20)μg/mL,(0.1—20)μg/mL;相对标准偏差均小于1.96%,回收率在96.5%—102.4%之间。实验结果显示,本方法准确、快速、操作简便,具有一定的实际应用价值,且华芦荟与元江芦荟中金属元素含量基本相同,但华芦荟中铁元素含量比元江芦荟含量丰富。     

测定叶酸的流动注射化学发光新方法

基于在甲酸存在下 ,叶酸与高锰酸钾在酸性介质中的直接化学发光反应 ,建立了测定叶酸的流动注射化学发光新方法 .该方法测定叶酸的线性范围为 5.0×1 0 - 8～ 5.0× 1 0 - 6g/mL ,检出限为 1 .4× 1 0 - 8g/mL ,相对标准偏差为 3 .2 % (5.0×1 0 - 7g/mL叶酸 ,n =1 1 ) .该方法已应用于叶酸片剂中叶酸含量的测定     

风味食品中痕量镉的测定

采用硝酸-高氯酸消解食品样品,以1.0%碘化钾-1.5%酒石酸钾钠-2.0%三乙醇胺-0.6%盐酸-9.0%磷酸混合液作为底液,用单扫描极谱法对风味食品样品中痕量镉进行测定.实验表明,镉络合物于-0.71 V(相对饱和甘汞电极)处产生一灵敏催化极谱波,镉浓度在0.2 ng/mL~1μg/mL范围内与极谱峰电流有良好线性关系,检出限为0.1 ng/mL.本法简单快速、准确度高,样品加标回收率为91%~107%,相对标准偏差为1.4%~9.1%.用于风味食品样品的测定,结果满意.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.