腐殖酸包覆Fe_3O_4纳米粒子类Fenton催化降解亚甲基蓝

采用共沉淀法制备腐殖酸包覆的磁性四氧化三铁纳米粒子(HA@Fe_3O_4)并将其用于类Fenton体系催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB).通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射(DLS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对样品的形貌、结构及成分进行表征.比较HA包覆前后Fe_3O_4纳米粒子的催化效果,考察HA@Fe_3O_4催化剂用量、H_2O_2浓度等因素对降解效率的影响.结果表明HA的包覆可以显著提高MB的降解效率.     

魔芋粉-丙烯酸接枝共聚反应的研究

以KMnO4为引发剂，进行了魔芋粉与丙烯酸的接枝共聚反应，研究了魔芋粉预氧化时间、引发剂浓度、单体浓度、酸度、反应时间和反应温度等聚合条件对接枝效率的影响，并对其接枝机理作了探讨。     

Polymerization kinetics and stabilization mechanism of the monodisperse PMMA microspheres

The effects of the concentration of monomer, crosslinking agent, initiator, stabilizer, and the polarity of medium on the polymerization kinetics were investigated. The results show that the rate of polymerization (Rp) and conversion increased with the increase of monomer concentration from 8% to 15% (total mass); the water content in dispersion medium and the initiator 2, 2′ -azobis (isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) concentration increased as well. Rp and conversion decreases with the increase of PVP when it is low, while it increases when it is high. Moreover, PVP plays an important role in microsphere stabilization. The stabilization mechanism was investigated primarily, which involves both adsorbing mechanism and graft mechanism. Within a certain range of crosslinking degree, Rp and conversion increased with the increase of the crosslinker concentration. The effect can be ignored when crosslinker concentration is above 0.3 % (total mass), and the reason was that the monomer can hardly be diffused into the microsphere phase with a certain degree of crosslinking.     

丙烯酸改性黏胶纤维及其吸水性研究

为提高黏胶纤维的吸水性,以硝酸铈铵(CAN)硝酸溶液为引发剂、丙烯酸(AA)为亲水单体、去离子水为溶剂,采用自由基聚合法进行黏胶纤维的接枝共聚反应。利用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)等对接枝黏胶纤维的结构进行研究,同时探讨了接枝共聚反应条件对改性黏胶纤维接枝率和吸水性能的影响。结果表明,黏胶纤维表面成功接枝上聚丙烯酸,且当硝酸铈铵、硝酸、丙烯酸的质量分数分别为10%、1.0%、2.0%,反应温度为60℃时,改性黏胶纤维的接枝率和吸水倍率达到最大值。     

ITX/EDAB光引发丙烯酸溶液聚合动力学

以异丙基硫杂蒽酮(ITX)/对-(二甲基氨基)苯甲酸乙酯(EDAB)为复配引发剂,研究了光引发丙烯酸溶液聚合动力学。结果表明,R_P与单体浓度呈一次关系,引发剂反应级数在低浓度(<0.2mmol/L)下为0.2057,高浓度(>0.8mmol/L)下为-0.1;反应速率存在最大值,此时引发剂浓度为0.8mmol/L;聚合反应表观活化能为9.53kJ/mol。     

Ca(NO3)2在酸雨胁迫作用下对小白菜的影响研究

随着经济的发展,酸雨已成为全球性的环境污染问题,我国酸雨污染出现的频率和强度也在逐年增加。如何在酸雨影响下保护农作物产量是当前酸雨相关研究的热点问题。实验选择了我国东北地区典型的农作物小白菜作为研究对象。通过模拟实验,分析了酸雨胁迫下小白菜的生理生长指标的变化,并验证土壤中Ca(NO_3)_2的添加是否可以维持酸雨条件下小白菜的产量。研究结果表明酸雨和土壤中的Ca(NO_3)_2均会影响小白菜的部分生长生理特性,酸雨的存在会影响小白菜的可食用部分的产量等指标。但是当土壤中Ca(NO_3)_2浓度增加时,会降低酸雨的影响,间接地减弱了酸雨对小白菜产量的影响。因此可在酸雨影响较为强烈的地区,通过增加土壤中Ca(NO_3)_2浓度,以降低酸雨对小白菜的影响。     

Uptake of gas-phase alkylamines by sulfuric acid

Recent field and experimental studies have suggested that acid-base reactions of alkylamines may play an important role in secondary aerosol formation. We investigated the heterogeneous chemistry of ethylamine (EA), diethylamine (DEA) and triethylamine (TEA) on liquid H2SO4 (1 wt%–80 wt%). Irreversible reactive uptakes were observed for all three alkylamines. The reactive uptake coefficients (γ ) of alkylamines increased with the acid concentration, and the γ value for DEA appeared to increase slightly faster than that of EA and TEA. The potential roles in secondary aerosol formation of different alkylamines are briefly discussed.     

淀粉与丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺共聚物的合成及表征

以淀粉(St)、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,采用过硫酸钾一亚硫酸氢钠氧化还原引发体系,合成了二元接枝共聚物St-g-pAA和三元接枝共聚物St-g-p(AA-co-AM)．通过正交试验,研究了单体浓度、引发剂用量等因素对接枝共聚物吸水率的影响,得到了优化反应条件．红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对接枝共聚物的表征结果证实了接枝共聚物的存在．     

Preparation of long alumina fibers by sol-gel method using tartaric acid

Long alumina fibers were prepared by sol-gel method. The spinning sol was obtained by mixing aluminum nitrate, tartaric acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone with a mass ratio of 10:3:1.5. Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the properties of the gel and ceramic fibers. A little of α-Al₂O₃ phase is observed in the alumina precursor gel fibers sintered at 1273 K. The fibers with a uniform diameter can be obtained when sintered at 1473 K, and its main phase is also indentified as α-Al₂O₃.     

可乳化无规聚丙烯的研制——无规聚丙烯与丙烯酸接枝共聚

介绍了一种制备无规聚丙烯和丙烯酸接枝共聚物的方法,并着重讨论了接枝共聚合反应条件对丙烯酸接枝量的影响,即温度,引发剂用量,单体用量对丙烯酸接枝量的影响。     

电子束预辐照接枝反应研究（Ⅱ）──维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸

研究了电子束预辐照维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸，考察了预辐照剂量、反应时间、单体的质量分数、反应温度和摩尔盐对接枝反应的影响，以及接技后纤维力学性能的变化，并对电子束预辐照接枝反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

氯化聚乙烯接枝水溶性单体

采用溶胀悬浮接枝共聚法,将水溶性单体丙烯酸（AA）、丙烯酰胺（AM）接枝到疏水性氯化聚乙烯（CPE）大分子链上,合成双亲性接枝共聚物。通过正交实验法探讨了反应条件（膨胀剂、单体、引发剂和分散剂用量以及反应时间、反应温度和分散介质用量）对接枝率及接枝效率的影响规律,并用傅立叶红外光谱对接枝物进行了表征。研究结果表明,采用水作分散介质,乙酸乙醋作膨胀剂的溶胀悬浮接枝体第。在回流温度和一定搅拌速度下,可实现CPE接枝水溶性单体AA、AM且接枝（效）率较高。最佳反应条件分别为：CPE－g-AA接枝体系：CPE／AA／BPO／EA／H2O＝2／2／0．65／5／50（g/g/g/mL/mL),反应温度80℃;CPE－g-AM接枝体系：CPE／AM／BPO／EA／H2O＝2／2／0．07／8／50（g/g/g/mL/mL),反应温度72℃。反应时间均为3h。     

助脱剂对脱胶效果影响的研究

采用三因素随机区组设计，研究助脱剂处理浓度、茵液处理时间和不同茵种对苎麻脱胶效果的影响，实验结果表明：不同茵种的培养液处理苎麻，处理后苎麻残胶率之间差异不显著；而不同处理时间和不同助脱剂处理浓度之间对苎麻脱胶效果的差异达到极显著水平；三个处理因素间的互作都不显著；脱胶助剂三聚磷酸钠的适宜处理浓度为0．30％，而茵液处理苎麻纤维的适宜处理时间是16h。     

Investigation on the coordinate structures of the rare earth metal complexes with edta and cydta ligands

0　IntroductionThegreatattentionhasbeenpaidtorareearthorradioactiverareearthmetalcomplexesfortheirvariousbiologicactivi ties[1 3] .Forexamples,theradioactiverareearthmetal1 53SmⅢ com plexeswerewidelyusedfortumourtherapyofbrain ,liver,lung ,heartandbonetissues[4 5] ;forrareearthmetalEuⅢandTbⅢemitinguniquefluorescence ,theircompoundswereappliedfordiagnosesofvariousdiseases[6 ,7] ;forrareearthmetalGdⅢcontainingthemosthigh spinsingleelectrons,itscomplexeswereusuallyusedforcontrastagentsofmag…     

丝素蛋白纤维的接枝聚合（Ⅱ）──无引发剂存在时丝素蛋白纤维接枝烯类单体

研究了无引发剂存在时丝素蛋白纤维与烯类单体的接枝聚合反应．与四价铈盐引发的接枝聚合相比，无外加引发剂存在时的接枝聚合，可以获取高得多的接枝率和单体的接技效率．这种接枝聚合方法是丝素蛋白纤维的一种更为有效的改性方法．接枝０．６％２－羟基－４－丙烯酰氧二苯酮（ＨＡＯＢＰ）的丝素蛋白纤维，其热稳定性及紫外稳定性均得到了显著的改善，但力学性能没有下降．     

提高均质致密碳酸盐岩储层酸蚀裂缝导流能力效果研究

均质致密碳酸盐岩储层岩心经酸刻蚀后主要形成均匀刻蚀形态,裂缝主要通过少量凸起点支撑,岩性较软或在储层闭合应力时支撑点容易破碎或嵌入裂缝壁面使得裂缝大部分闭合,无法形成有效的自支撑渗流通道。通过向酸蚀裂缝内加入一定量的支撑剂能有效提高酸蚀裂缝导流能力。深入研究支撑剂粒径、铺砂浓度以及闭合应力等因素对酸蚀裂缝导流能力的改善情况。结果表明:自支撑裂缝随闭合压力增大下降迅速,在34.5 MPa时的导流能力已不足初始闭合压力下的2%,难以在储层闭合压力下有效保持,达不到长期增产的目的。增加额外支撑点的酸蚀裂缝,其导流能力在储层闭合压力下是自支撑裂缝导流能力的3~7倍。大粒径支撑剂能提供更高的裂缝导流能力,在酸压允许的情况下尽量选用大粒径支撑剂。现场对PG4井进行了加砂酸压改造技术,获得了6.314×104m3/d的产量,证实了均质致密碳酸盐岩储层酸压改造中提供额外裂缝支撑剂的必要性。     

金属离子对钢在没食子酸/硫酸介质中的腐蚀行为研究

 用失重法研究了4种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Cu²⁺,Fe³⁺)在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄以及500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中在20℃对冷轧钢腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:Cu²⁺对钢的腐蚀起抑制作用;而其余3种金属离子(Na⁺,Zn²⁺,Fe³⁺)对钢的腐蚀起加速作用.在相同条件下,冷轧钢在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中的腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2++3+;而在500 mg/L没食子酸+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄介质中,腐蚀速率顺序为:Cu²⁺2+3++.     

Influence of pH,immersion time,and benzotriazole concentration on copper corrosion in citric acid based slurries

Copper corrosion in citric acid based slurries with or without benzotriazole (BTA) was investigated as a function of the slurry pH,immersion time and BTA concentration by static etching and electrochemical experiments.The chemical composition of the corroded surface was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The static etching rate of copper in a H2O2 +citric acid+BTA slurry was lower than that in a H2O2 +citric acid slurry at pH 4.4-8.When the pH of the slurry was >8 or <4.4,the results were reversed and the static etching rate of copper increased when BTA was added to the H2O2 +citric acid slurry.The inhibitory effect of BTA in the H2O2 +citric acid slurry at pH 6 increased with the increasing immersion time of the copper.The corrosion current density of copper gradually decreased with increasing BTA concentration in slurry.     

苎麻纤维接枝氯化血红素工艺研究

将氯化血红素接祓到苎麻纤维上,通过实验分析氯化血红素质量浓度、焙烘温度及焙烘时间与接枝率的关系,从而确定较佳的反应条件.实验表明,氯化血红紊质量浓度为1 g/L,焙烘温度为130～140℃,焙烘时间为3～4 min,是较佳的反应条件.对接枝前后的苎麻纤维进行扫描电镜、红外光谱及X射线衍射分析,证实氯化血红素在纤维表面的附着接枝和纤维内部结晶度降低形成的存留.     

丙烯酸固相接枝聚丙烯研究

利用固相接枝共聚的方法，制备聚丙烯接枝丙烯酸（ＰＰ－ｇ－ＡＡ）共聚物。讨论了反应时间、反应温度、单体浓度、引发剂浓度、界面剂等对接枝率的影响。结果表明：聚丙烯固相接枝丙烯酸容易实现，接枝率可达５．８％，接枝物用红外光谱进行表征。ＰＰ－ｇ－ＡＡ可明显改善ＰＰ－ＣａＣＯ３复合材料的界面相容性及力学性能。