海藻酸水凝胶法制备锂离子电池Si/rGO/C负极材料及其电化学性能

硅材料具有高理论比容量(4 200mAh/g),是最具希望的下一代锂离子电池负极材料之一,但是硅材料巨大的体积效应(300%)和较差的导电性严重影响其电化学性能,阻碍其实际应用.为此,采用海藻酸水凝胶充当固定剂和碳源,将硅纳米颗粒和氧化石墨烯进行组装,制备了硅/还原氧化石墨烯/碳(Si/rGO/C)复合材料,采用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、热重分析(TGA)、比表面积测试、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等表征材料的结构、化学组成及形貌,并对材料进行电化学性能测试.结果表明:rGO在复合材料内部构建了分散良好的导电网络,Si纳米颗粒填充在导电网络中并通过碳层牢固地锁定在rGO片层上.rGO与碳层的复合作用有效缓冲了Si纳米颗粒在充放电时的体积变化,并且显著提高了复合材料的导电性,因此,Si/rGO/C复合材料用作锂离子电池负极时表现出优异的电化学性能:以1.0A/g电流密度循环100圈,保持约1 000mAh/g的高可逆比容量以及77.6%的容量保持率.     

CoMoO4水热法制备及其在锂/钠离子电池中的应用

碳基负极材料比容量低,无法满足高能量密度电池的需求.为了进一步寻找高容量长循环寿命的电池负极材料,采用水热反应法制备了自支撑CoMoO₄负极,通过X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对材料的结构、形貌进行表征,利用循环伏安法和恒电流充/放电等技术对比研究了材料在锂/钠离子电池中的电化学性能.结果表明,CoMoO₄负极在锂离子电池中的首次可逆比容量为1 403.6 mAh/g,首次库伦效率为146.5%,在100 mA/g电流密度下经50次循环后仍然高达793.6 mAh/g;而CoMoO₄负极在钠离子电池中首次可逆比容量仅为314.2 mAh/g,但经50次循环后容量保持率仍有76.4 %.该自支撑负极无需导电剂和粘结剂,电极材料与泡沫镍结合力强,具有优异的循环稳定性.     

氮掺杂碳包覆的蛋黄壳结构硅负极材料

采用间苯二酚-甲醛为碳源,三聚氰胺为氮源,以NaOH为蚀刻剂,成功合成氮掺杂碳包覆的蛋黄壳结构硅(Si@void@N-C)锂离子电池复合负极材料.对样品进行XRD、 SEM和X射线电子能谱,透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学测试等表征及测试.结果表明,成功合成了蛋黄壳结构的Si@void@N-C复合负极材料.同时,该复合材料具有优异的电化学性能,以0.1 A/g的电流密度进行充放电,首次容量可达1 282.3 mAh/g,经过100次循环后,其比容量仍高达994.2 mAh/g,其容量保持率为77.5%,表现出了良好的循环性能.Si@void@N-C材料中,氮掺杂的碳壳可以增加复合材料的导电性,同时,蛋黄壳结构可有效缓解硅的体积效应,有利于形成稳定的SEI膜,从而提高电池的循环稳定性.     

SnO_2/石墨烯负极材料的制备与电化学性能

为了提高锂离子电池锡基负极材料的比容量,以SnCl_4·5H_2O和石墨烯为原料,通过气相沉积法和高温烧结制备了SnO_2/石墨烯复合材料,并研究了不同烧结温度对SnO_2/石墨烯复合材料电化学性能的影响. SnO_2颗粒沉积并嵌入在石墨烯的层间,石墨烯的层状结构能够缓冲SnO_2的体积膨胀,进而有效提高材料的循环稳定性.利用电子扫描显微镜、X线能谱和X线衍射等表征方法和循环伏安等电化学性能测试方法对材料进行表征和分析.结果表明:当烧结温度为400℃时,材料的电化学性能最好,在电流密度为100 mA/g时,充放电循环50周后,其放电比容量仍能保持在716.6 mA·h/g;在电流密度为1 A/g时,放电比容量为431.9 mA·h/g.因此,该材料在商用锂离子电池领域具有潜在的应用前景.     

Cu-MOF/rGO锂离子电池负极材料的制备及电化学性能

采用石墨烯掺杂的Cu-有机骨架化合物(Cu-MOF)复合材料(Cu-MOF/r GO)作为锂离子电池负极材料,研究其电化学性能.结果表明:在充放电电流密度为50 m A/g时,充放电循环50次后,材料的放电比容量可达到520m Ah/g.同时该材料也显示出较好的倍率性能和较高的库仑效率.Cu-MOF/r GO是一种具有前景的锂离子电池负极材料.     

三明治结构高性能锂离子电池碳/氧化亚硅@石墨烯负极材料

氧化亚硅因其高理论比容量和丰富自然资源被认为是下一代高比能量锂离子电池负极材料之一。然而，氧化亚硅在充放电过程中由于较大体积变化引起电极结构不稳定，造成性能的衰减。本研究提出一种碳包覆层–氧化亚硅–石墨烯的三明治结构，有效提高氧化亚硅负极材料在充放电过程的结构稳定性。石墨烯和碳包覆层构建出一个围绕氧化亚硅颗粒的三维电子传输网络，不仅提高材料的电极反应动力学过程，而且能均化材料表面的局部电流和电极反应程度，实现材料体积的均匀变化。此外，存在于氧化亚硅和石墨烯之间的硅–氧–碳键可以增强颗粒在石墨烯片层上的附着强度，防止氧化亚硅在嵌脱锂过程中从石墨烯上脱落。得益于上述结构优势的协同作用，碳/氧化亚硅@石墨烯材料表现出优异的循环稳定性，在0.1 C倍率下循环100圈后比容量为890 mAh/g，容量保持率为73.7%。另外，材料经历前35圈电流密度从0.1 C到5 C的逐步上升的充放电循环后恢复到0.1 C的低电流后，仍表现出886 mAh/g的可逆比容量，对应容量恢复率93.7%，表明材料的倍率性能优异。该研究提供一种提高高容量型锂/钠离子电池负极材料结构稳定性的新策略。     

黄蓍胶在硅负极锂离子电池中的应用

黏结剂在硅基锂离子电池中的用量虽少,但它却是电池性能的重要影响因素之一.使用水溶性聚合物黄蓍胶作为一种新型的硅基锂离子电池黏结剂,并与较为常见的黏结剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)制备的锂离子电池在循环性能、倍率性能、循环伏安特性以及电化学阻抗方面进行比较与分析,利用扫描电镜(SEM)对锂离子电池循环前后的极片材料进行表征.实验结果显示:采用CMC和黄蓍胶作为硅基锂离子电池黏结剂时,首圈在210mA/g的电流密度下,放电比容量分别为2 808.7和3 178.7mAh/g,首次库伦效率分别为68.84%和83.64%;此后在420mA/g的电流密度下,循环100圈后的放电比容量分别为485.7和1 360.1mAh/g,甚至经过200圈的长期循环后,使用黄蓍胶作为黏结剂的电池放电比容量仍达到1 056.0mAh/g.实验证明黄蓍胶有望成为一种新型且性能优异的水溶性硅负极锂离子电池黏结剂.     

棉籽基炭材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以棉籽为原料、KOH为活化剂,利用微波辐射脱氢、炭化、活化制得类石墨烯结构炭材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和透射电镜(TEM)对材料的晶体结构和形貌进行了表征.通过恒流充放电和循环伏安(CV)对材料的电化学性能进行了测试.结果表明:以棉籽为原料可制备出具有高比表面积的类石墨烯结构炭材料,该材料用于锂离子电池负极,电化学性能优良,并且库仑效率高.材料在充放电倍率为0.5C时,第1周放电比容量达1 817.4mAh/g,第2周放电比容量达到726.5 mAh/g,经过0.5C,1C,2C和5C循环回到0.5C的时,充放电比容量仍保留在648.1mAh/g.     

锂离子电池负极硅碳纳米复合纤维的储锂性能

为了实现硅纳米颗粒与一维碳纳米纤维的高效复合,提高硅材料作为锂离子电池负极的电化学性能,通过同轴静电纺丝法构造了硅碳复合结构(Si/C-C)的一维纳米纤维作为锂离子电池的负极材料.通过SEM、TEM、XRD和电化学性能测试对其结构、形貌、成分和电化学性能等进行分析.结果表明:Si/C-C纳米复合纤维的平均直径为500~700 nm,硅含量为22%~33%;在100 m A/g的电流密度下,经100圈循环后其可逆容量维持在1 000 m Ah/g,表现出较佳的循环稳定性和较高的可逆比容量.研究表明,一维复合纳米纤维电化学性能的提升主要归因于硅碳复合结构中一维纳米纤维为硅提供了保护层,一方面有效抑制了硅的体积膨胀,另一方面提升了硅的电子导电性并有效缩短了离子迁移路径.     

微波辅助水热合成高容量钼酸铋负极性能研究

通过水热合成法及微波辅助水热法制备出层状钼酸铋锂离子电池负极材料，利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、循环伏安及交流阻抗测试等对样品进行了形貌表征及电化学性能测试，并考察了其在电池中的循环稳定性.相比水热法，微波辅助水热法合成的钼酸铋电荷转移电阻减小且容量提升，在电流密度为15 mA/g时容量可达674 mAh/g,且循环后库仑效率接近90%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.