点可区别全色数的一个上界

设G是简单图，f是从V（G）UE（G）到{1,2，…，k）的一个映射．对每个u∈y（G），令c（u）={f（u）}v∈V（G）,uv∈ E（G）}．如果，是k-正常全染色，且对任意u，v∈V（G）（u≠v），有c（u）≠c（v），那么称f为图G的k-点可区别全染色（简记为k-VDTC）．数χvt（G）=min{k｜G-有k—VDTC}称为图G的点可区别全色数．通过应用概率方法，证明了对任意最大度A≥2的图G，χvt（G）≤32（△＋1）．     

△(G)≥6的Halin图的点强全染色

图G(V，E)的正常k-全染色σ称为G(V，E)的k-点强全染色当且仅当A↓v∈V(G)，N[v]的元素染不同色，其中N[v]={uluv∈EG)}∪{v}，xT^vs(G)=min{k|存在G的k-点强全染色}称为G(V，E)的点强全色数。本文证明了：对于△(G)≥6的Halin图G(V，E)，有xT^vs(G)≤△(G) 2，其△(G)表示图G的最大度。     

完全二部图K5，n的点可区别IE-全染色

设G是简单图,图G的一个k-点可区别IE-全染色（简记为k-VDIET染色）f是指一个从V（G）∪E（G）到{1,2,…,k}的映射,且满足：A↓uv∈E（G）,有f（u）≠f（v）;A↓u,v∈V（G）,u≠v,有C（u）≠C（v）,其中C（u）={f（u）}∪{f（uv）｜uv∈E（G）}。数min{k}G有一个k-VDIET染色}称为图G的点可区别IE-全色数,记为χut^ie（G）。本文给出了完全二部图K5,n（n≥6）的点可区别IE-全色数。     

幂图的点强全色数

图G的一个正常全染色称为图G的点强全染色,当且仅当N[v]中任意元素都染有不同的颜色,其中N[v]={u}uu∈E（G）}U{u},图G的点强全染色所用颜色的最少数目称为图G的点强全色数．文章通过研究幂图t的结构性质,利用穷染、置换的方法,研究了幂图礴的点强全色数,并给出了一种具体的染色方案．     

图的点强全染色

图G(V,E)的正常k—全染色f叫做G(V,E)的k—点强全染色,当且仅当对任意的w∈V(G),N[w]中元素染不同颜色,其中N[w]={x|wx∈E(G)}∪{w}.并称XvTs(G)=min{k|存在G的k—点强全染色}为图G(V,E)的点强全色数.本文研究了K4-minor free图和外平面图的点强全色数.     

W_m与P_n（n≤3）联图的点可区别边色数

设G是简单图,图G的一个k-点可区别正常边染色f是指一个从E（G）到{1,2,…,k}的映射,且满足u,v∈V（G）,u≠v,有S（u）≠S（v）,其中S（u）={f（uw）｜uw∈E（G）}.数min{k｜G存在k-VDPEC染色}称为图G的点可区别正常边色数,记为χs′（G）,研究了Wm∨Pn（n≤3）的点可区别边染色,给出了Wm∨Pn（n≤3）的点可区别边色数.     

完全二部图K_(9,n)的点可区别IE-全染色(英文)

G是一个简单图,G的一个IE全染色f是一个映射,该映射满足:对u,v∈V(G),u≠v,有C(u)≠C(v).图G的一个点可区别IE-全染色f是指一个从V(G)∪E(G)到{1,2,…,k}的映射,且满足:对uv∈E(G),有f(u)≠f(v);对u,v∈V(G),u≠v,有C(u)≠C(v),其中C(u)={f(u)}∪{f(uv):uv∈E(G)},简称k-VDIET.数min{k:G有一个k-VDIET染色}称为图G的点可区别IE-全色数或简称VDIET色数,记为χievt(G).本文讨论并给出了完全二部图K9,n的点可区别IE-全色数.     

Cm×Kn的邻点可区别全染色

设G（V，E）是阶数至少为2的简单连通图，k是正整数，V∪E到{1，2，3，…，k）的映射f满足：对任意uυ，υw∈E（G），u≠w，有f（uv）≠f（υw）；对任意uυ∈E（G），有，（u）≠，（υ），f（u）≠f（uυ），f（υ）≠f（uυ）；那么称f为G的k-正常全染色，若，还满足对任意uυ∈E（G），有C（u）≠C（υ），其中C（u）={（u））∪{f（uυ）｜uυ∈E（G），υ∈V（G）），那么称，为G的k-邻点可区别的全染色（简记为k-AVDTC），称min{k｜G有k-邻点可区别的全染色）为G的邻点可区别的全色数，记作xat（G）．本文得到了圈Cm和完全图Kn的笛卡尔积图Cm×Kn邻点可区别的全色数．     

完全二部图K7，n当n较小时的点可区别IE-全染色

设G是简单图,图G的一个中k-点可区别IE-全染色（简记为k-VDIET染色）。f是指一个从V（G） E（G）到｛12,…,k）的映射,且满足：uv∈E（G）,有f（v）;u,v∈V（G）,u≠v,有C（u）≠C（v）,其中C（u）={f（u）}{f（u）}uv∈E（G）。数min{k｜G有一个k-VDIET染色｝称为...     

Cm×Kn的邻点可区别全染色

设G（V，E）是阶数至少为2的简单连通图，k是正整数，V∪E到{1，2，3，…，k）的映射f满足：对任意uυ，υw∈E（G），u≠w，有f（uv）≠f（υw）；对任意uυ∈E（G），有，（u）≠，（υ），f（u）≠f（uυ），f（υ）≠f（uυ）；那么称f为G的k-正常全染色，若，还满足对任意uυ∈E（G），有C（u）≠C（υ），其中C（u）={（u））∪{f（uυ）｜uυ∈E（G），υ∈V（G）），那么称，为G的k-邻点可区别的全染色（简记为k-AVDTC），称min{k｜G有k-邻点可区别的全染色）为G的邻点可区别的全色数，记作xat（G）．本文得到了圈Cm和完全图Kn的笛卡尔积图Cm×Kn邻点可区别的全色数．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-