大跨越架空输电导线钢芯铝股应力分布特性研究

准确评估输电导线运行张力的分层特性是大跨越输电导线选型设计的重要问题.以大跨越架空用特强钢芯高强铝合金AACSR-EST500/230型导线为例,考虑股线泊松比影响,提出了大跨越输电导线股线轴向张力计算方法,建立了大跨越输电导线三维结构有限元实体模型,通过耦合同层和相邻层节点模拟各层股线之间的接触边界条件,重点研究了运行张力作用下输电导线钢芯和铝股的空间应力分布规律,并与理论结果对比分析,探讨了导线比载与钢芯铝股张力比的相关关系.结果表明:在轴向张力作用下,钢芯承担了约60%张力,铝股共承担了40%张力,其张力比约为3∶2,且钢芯和铝股的张力从内至外各自呈增大趋势;大跨越输电导线在悬挂点处的铝股应力强度高于跨中,距离悬挂点越近,股线应力受边界约束影响越大;输电导线相邻层股线的轴向应力峰值呈现相位差;随着导线比载的增加,钢芯和铝股的张力比呈增大趋势.     

架空输电线路大跨越导线微风振动试验

为了掌握架空输电线路大跨越导线微风振动特性,设计制作了大跨越导线微风振动试验模型,研究了不同张力作用下,安装防振锤前后大跨越导线的振动响应,重点分析了防振锤耗能效果以及安装位置对导线振动的影响,并与理论分析结果进行对比,提出了大跨越导线防振锤的安装位置计算公式。试验结果表明:运行张力对大跨越导线微风振动影响较大,导线本身的阻尼线对微风振动的抑制作用十分有限;安装防振锤的导线振动幅值小于未安装防振锤的裸导线,但随着张力的增大,防振锤的防振频段收窄,防振效果降低;防振锤的安装位置对导线振动影响较大,防振锤安装位置应兼顾各激励频率下的振动波长;FR-4型防振锤的最佳防振频段为15~25Hz,对于抑制大跨越导线的高频和低频振动效果较差。     

钢芯铝绞线弯曲状态受力分析

根据钢芯铝绞线结构、材料和捻制特点,利用弯曲状态下的一次螺旋线方程,建立钢芯铝绞线弯曲状态下的有限元实体模型,采用Augmented Lagrange算法和Gauss points接触检测法分析导线在弯曲状态下受到张力作用的应力及变形规律.结果表明,在张力作用下等效应力和剪切应力沿截面中心呈上下不均匀分布;弯曲曲率半径对钢芯铝绞线股线受力有影响,曲率半径越大的股线其应力和变形越大;弯曲钢芯铝绞线最大等效应力位于钢芯,最大剪切应力位于外层铝股线,外层铝股线在弯曲状态下首先发生弯曲疲劳磨损的可能性较大.     

架空输电导线夹持区应力有限元分析

受架空输电导线拉力的影响,导线在夹持区易出现应力集中现象,在微风振动作用下,夹持区易产生疲劳断股破坏．采用Abaqus有限元分析软件,对35kV架空导线的夹持区进行有限元分析,结果表明应力集中主要分布在线夹出口处,随导线拉力增大,导线底部应力集中明显减小,顶部也有减小．     

斜拉跨越结构的风载影响分析

利用有限元分析软件对木龙河斜拉索跨越结构在风载荷作用下的动静态力学特性进行了分析.静态分析表明,风力小于3级时桥的最大位移和最大应力随风力变化不大.风力大于3级时两者随风力的增大而显著增加.通过模态分析得到了跨越结构的前10阶振型和频率,并分析了8级动态风载下管桥中部和端部两个关键节点的位移和拉应力的时间历程响应及某一时刻跨越结构的应力、位移分布情况,最后得到了动态风载荷下风力与最大应力和最大位移之间的关系,得出的结论与静态一致,但在大于3级的风力情况下,动态风载引起的最大位移和最大应力比静态风载约大2倍.     

架空地线有限元单股应力状态仿真分析

架空地线通常多由钢绞线组成,其复杂结构特性导致股线内外层单股的等效应力、轴向应力、切应力状态都呈现复杂的分布规律。架空地线在一定风载和线路走向情况下将产生高频低幅的微风振动,易于造成股线微动损伤。文章以九江叶家山-柘林水电站Ⅱ回220kV工程线路为实际对象,利用ANSYS Workbench建立了完整的GJ-80架空地线模型,确定拉伸载荷和约束条件,进行了静态仿真和谐响应分析,得到了架空地线单股应力状态以及振幅随频率变化的规律。     

架空线路增容改造导线的选型比较

增容导线的选择是架空输电线路更换导线改造设计的关键环节之一.该文介绍了目前增容导线的几种类型,进行了包括电气性能、机械性能等方面的比较.比较结果表明,殷钢芯耐热铝合金导线在大幅度提高线路的输送容量的前提下,能够较好的控制导线弧垂,降低工程造 价,缩短建设工期,是架空线路更换导线增容改造时比较理想的选择.     

考虑径向温差的架空输电导线的动态增容分析

为提高输电线路输送能力和输电导线的动态增容,对输电线的径向温升现象进行研究分析.以架空输电线为例,首先基于热平衡方程计算导线温度理论值,然后通过建立输电线温度场电磁耦合有限元绞合模型,计算输电线径向温度分布规律,研究不同因素的影响,最后结合温度场的分析结果,分析输电导线动态增容的效果,根据导线的温度分布计算最小的载流量.结果表明:输电线的径向温度分布不均匀,内部温度高,表面温度低;输电导线温度受到载流量、风速、环境温度及时间变化的影响,径向温差一般可达0.58～4.53℃,因此研究架空导线的径向温差,根据导线的温度分布计算保证安全运行的最小载流量,有利于提高输电导线的动态增容,保证线路的运行安全.     

不同覆冰状态下导线风致振动响应仿真

为研究动态风载作用下不同覆冰状态下输电导线的动力响应,利用谐波叠加法模拟多点相关的脉动风速时程曲线,得到不同覆冰形式下的风荷载,建立导线有限元模型,对不同覆冰状态下输电导线各特征参数和风速的相关性,并对导线振动特性以及动张力特性进行分析。结果表明：在随机风作用下,不均匀覆冰对风速的相关性最强;相同风速下,覆冰厚度和覆冰形式对导线振动特性影响不大;均匀覆冰时,导线张力峰值在15 mm覆冰时达到最大,张力峰值为69 180.4 N;不均匀覆冰状态下,中央重覆冰对导线张力的影响强于两侧重覆冰。     

基于Biot理论的腰椎间盘力学响应分析

为考虑腰椎间盘流固耦合作用,基于Biot理论建立了正常人体腰椎间盘L3~L4节段的有限元模型,分析了椎间盘在不同轴向压缩载荷及复合载荷作用下的力学响应,得到了椎间盘不同部分的压力、应力分布规律和比较曲线。结果表明:轴向正压时,外层纤维环压力约为内层的15%,外层最大应力约为髓核应力的4.3倍;椎间盘各部分所受压力随载荷增大近似线性增加,且增加的速率基本相同;应力随载荷增加而增大的速率不同,外层纤维环应力增加最为明显。轴向压缩与扭转载荷组合作用时,纤维环整体应力水平最大,最容易被破坏。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.