宁夏区域经济差异时空格局演化

以宁夏19个县(市)为基本单元,通过空间自相关分析方法,对2004年以来3个时间断面的县域经济发展数据进行分析,揭示2004年以来宁夏县域经济的时空动态,并分析其演化影响因素.结果表明,2004年以来,宁夏经济发展水平时空格局局部区域变动较大,但总体相对稳定,呈现北高南低的态势;银川市是辐射宁夏整体县域经济发展的极点,经济发展空间集聚格局较为明显,热点区呈现单核结构,次热点区围绕热点区分布,呈现核心—边缘模式.经济发展时空格局的变动是自然环境、产业结构、资本投入、人才技术、对外开放程度和区域政策综合作用的结果.     

山东半岛蓝色经济区县域经济时空演变分析

基于山东半岛蓝色经济区2003年、2007年、2012年县域经济发展数据,利用基尼系数、主成分分析法和探索性空间数据分析法对经济区县域经济时空格局演变进行综合分析.结果表明:12003-2012年间蓝色经济区经济总体差异呈现波动性下降趋势.22003年、2007年、2012年的蓝色经济区县域经济呈现显著的空间正相关关系,经济区内存在高值、低值集聚现象,高值多集聚在以烟台、威海、青岛为中心的北部环渤海沿岸和南部黄海沿岸地区,低值多集聚在西北黄河三角洲区域和中部内陆地区.3蓝色经济区县域经济冷、热点区域空间格局在不同年份均出现一定程度的波动.4蓝色经济区经济差异格局演化驱动因素主要有四个方面:地理区位、政策与区域发展战略、资源基础和产业结构.     

中原经济区县域粮食生产效率时空特征研究

采用2003—2013年中原经济区201个县域的面板统计数据,运用DEA方法,对201个县域粮食全要素生产率增长指数进行了测算.结果表明:12003—2013年,中原经济区各县粮食全要素生产率存在一定的波动,总体呈上升趋势,增长幅度逐渐放缓.2中原经济区粮食生产的全要素生产率指数和技术效率东部地区要高于西部地区,区内差异较大,受地形和农业机械化水平影响较大.3通过对中原经济区各县Local Moran’s I指数的研究,Local Moran’s I值从2003年的0.29上升到0.48,技术效率在空间上的集聚呈现出由弱到强的趋势,并日益"两极化",呈现"高—高"、"低—低"集聚的两种空间发展模式为主的状态.针对提高粮食生产效率,完善粮食生产技术空间配置的目标,提出了相应的政策建议.     

黄淮海地区县域粮食生产空间分异格局及其影响因素探测

基于累积分布函数和空间自相关分析方法, 系统地分析2015年黄淮海地区县域粮食产量的空间集聚特征, 并借助地理探测器分析18个因子对黄淮海地区及不同类型县域粮食产量的影响及其交互作用, 提炼出主导因素, 得到如下结果。黄淮海地区县域粮食产量呈现“低值集聚、高值离散”的特征, 并在空间上呈现显著的同质集聚性。其中, 显著高值集聚区主要分布在豫东南、皖北和苏北地区, 显著低值集聚区主要分布在京津冀地区和山东临海县域。综合考虑空间约束和粮食产量分布差异, 将黄淮海地区分为粮食高产区、中高产区、中低产区和低产区4个类型区。18个因子对黄淮海地区县域粮食产量的影响不一, 主要表现为双因子增强型和非线性增强型。其中, 高产区的主导因素为第一产业增加值、化肥施用量(折纯)和农业机械总动力, 属于社会经济及要素投入作用型; 中高产区的主导因素为耕地面积、区域人口、第一产业增加值和农业机械总动力, 表现为综合作用型; 中低产区的主导因素为耕地面积和化肥施用量(折纯), 表现为地理环境及要素投入作用型; 低产区的主导因素为植被指数、耕地面积、第一产业增加值、化肥施用量(折纯)和农业机械总动力, 表现为综合作用型。针对不同区域的研究结果, 提出不同的粮食增产增收策略建议。     

黄土高原县域城镇化的地域分异与动因机制

以黄土高原341个县级行政单元为研究区,综合运用统计分析、分区分析和地理探测器等研究方法,从区域和分区两个层面分析1990—2015年黄土高原县域城镇化的地域分异特征,揭示黄土高原县域城镇化空间格局形成的动因机制。结果表明:(1)1990—2015年,黄土高原县域城镇化水平呈现稳步上升趋势,城镇化率由23.83%上升至54.33%,在地理空间上呈现出东中部高而西部低的宏观格局。省会城市和地级市等高城镇化县区的中心性明显,以鄂尔多斯高原为中心的高城镇化区形成并逐渐加强。(2)1990年以来,黄土高原县域人口空间集聚和社会经济发展的地域差异呈现减小趋势,县域城镇化均衡发展态势明显。在地理分区上,除高原风沙区县域经济发展地域差异显著扩大外,其余各分区县域人口集聚和经济发展的地区差异趋于缩小。(3)县域经济发展阶段、非农产业产值比重、人均社会消费品零售总额、人均粮食产量、人口密度、到中心城市的最短行车时间、城镇居民人均可支配收入等是区域城镇化地域分异格局形成与演化的基本驱动因素。(4)未来黄土高原地区城镇化应依据自然地理和社会经济要素的地域差异性科学定位、分类推进,通过地域功能优化、产业结构转型升级、人口迁移集聚、基础设施共建共享和生态补偿政策等的实施,协调好城镇化建设、农业生产和生态环境保护三者之间的关系,实现新时代黄土高原县域城镇化率的稳步提升和城乡建设的高质量发展。     

中原经济区经济极化与空间格局的动态分析

从时间和空间尺度分析中原经济区经济极化过程和极化空间格局演变,时间尺度运用ER指数和T-W指数对中原经济区30个地级市(省管市)在1990-2013年的极化过程进行了探讨,从整体上把握中原经济区经济极化过程;空间尺度选取1990、2000和2013年3个典型年份,运用引力模型为基础的空间极化指数分析了其空间极化格局的分布演变规律.研究发现:(1)中原经济区经济极化现象在1990-2013年间呈现出波动阶段(1990-1996年)、上升阶段(1996-2008年)和下降阶段(2008-2013年)三个阶段;(2)中原经济区内部差异明显,仅极化外延区的城市个数比例占到中原经济区城市的半数以上,且空间极化指数相对也很低;(3)极化空间分布上,中原经济区极化核心区、极化内缘区和极化过渡区主要交错分布在京广线上,而数量众多的极化外延区大多分布在主要交通干线之外;(4)在空间构成上,中原经济区极化空间格局经历了从单中心圈层、双中心雏形阶段到双中心发展阶段,经历了从简单到复杂,从低级到高级的过程.最后在此基础上,提出了中原经济区的优化对策.     

1990年以来福建省经济空间结构演化分析

研究区域经济差异是制定区域发展政策的重要依据,而区域经济空间结构是区域经济差异在空间的重要反映.以人均GDP作为测度区域空间结构演化特征的变量指标,从区域经济空间集聚度、区域经济发展水平时空格局和经济增长空间格局3个方面来分析福建省经济空间结构演化趋势,得出其经济空间集聚十分明显,且总体呈逐步扩大趋势;其经济发展空间结构已形成"核心-边缘"空间模式;最后通过对县域单元增长类型的划分简要分析了福建省经济增长空间格局的演化.     

海峡西岸经济区“淘宝村”时空格局及演化特征

以2014年以来的5年间海西经济区"淘宝村"数据为基础,基于探索性空间数据挖掘理论,借助ArcGIS10.1分析工具,揭示不同空间尺度下海西经济区"淘宝村"的时空格局及变化特征.结果表明:海西经济区"淘宝村"在市域范围呈现逐步扩散趋势,但空间分布明显不均;海西经济区"淘宝村"存在明显的连片化集聚,跨行政边界明显,进一步探讨其集聚模式:即北部浙东南虹吸型集聚、中部闽东南蔓延式集聚和南部粤东北独立型集聚模式;县域尺度,"淘宝村"空间集聚特征明显,空间极化特征突出,集聚类型稳定,空间内部差异显著."淘宝村"集群发展打破行政边界的分割,这一现象对海西经济区突破行政区划束缚,促进区域经济一体化具有重大意义.     

鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地的时空变化

基于传统数理统计方法基础上构建集约度模型,并在ArcGis和GeoDa软件支持下,以人均耕地面积和人均粮食产量为测度指标,从时间、空间、集约度及相关性等4个方面对鄱阳湖生态经济区1952、1997、2008、2010年人均耕地进行深入探析.结果表明:自1952年以来鄱阳湖生态经济区耕地面积呈波动下降趋势,各县域相对发展率在不同时期差异较大,区内耕地利用集聚趋势逐步减弱; 区域人均耕地水平呈现出显著的阶段性特征,各水平区逐步呈块状分布,耕地重心迁移显示1952—1997年表现为耕地南北差异,而1997—2010年则表现为东西差异; 受政策、自然灾害、经济发展水平影响,各县域耕地集约利用差异明显,其空间分布与耕地重心迁移呈正相关性; 关联分析显示鄱阳湖生态经济区在经历“围湖造田”、“退田还湖”、“人地和谐”等阶段后,耕地集约利用水平得到显著提高,粗放型县域持续减少,并呈现出区域集聚状况; 正相关性县域由区域的西南部集聚向区域西南、中部及东北部呈“N”字型分布.     

基于LMDI的粮食生产因素分解模型及实证分析——-以河南省为例

为了揭示河南省省级、地级市和县域尺度粮食产量变动的因素贡献, 运用对数平均迪氏分解模型开展1980-2010年间粮食产量变动的因素分解研究。结果表明: 1) 在省域尺度上, 河南省粮食产量增加5437.1万 t, 耕地面积、复种指数、粮作比例和粮食单产的贡献分别为-175.4万、1165.7万、-573.4万和2871.6万t; 2) 从地级市看, 粮食单产效应和复种指数效应全部为正值, 耕地面积效应和粮作比例效应基本为负值, 地级市间各分解因素效应的差异显著; 3) 县域粮食生产“东高西低”的分异格局明显, 4个因素贡献的县域差异显著, 粮食单产效应叠加上复种指数效应促使豫东多数县域粮食总产量的显著增加。防止耕地快速“非农化”与非粮化以稳定耕地面积和粮食作物面积比例, 同时实施高标准基本农田建设工程和粮食生产要素投入优化策略, 是提升河南省粮食产量的重要途径。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.