灌木柳对间歇性河流湿地污水中氮和磷的清除作用

【目的】研究灌木柳对流经间歇性河流湿地的富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除效应。【方法】人工模拟间歇性河流湿地,分别经历了长期积水(持续积水90 d)与涝旱交替(积水45 d后干旱45 d)这两种不同地表环境处理后,分两轮,每轮注入人工配制的富营养化污水72 h后,测定灌木柳对水体的净化效果。【结果】栽种灌木柳的实验组对全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)的去除率均超过80%,对NH⁺₄-N、PO^3-₄-P的去除率均超过90%,高于对应的无灌木柳空白对照组; 栽种灌木柳的两个实验组之间对水体的净化能力无显著区别(P>0.05); 从净化时效看,灌木柳组对富营养水体中污染物的累积去除率随净化时间增长而升高,而净化效率则逐日降低,单天去除量在每轮的第3天降到最低; 长期积水处理后,灌木柳组前后两轮对TP、TN的去除率无显著差异(P>0.05); 在涝旱处理后,灌木柳组对前后两轮污水中TP和PO^3-₄-P的去除能力也无显著差异(P>0.05)。【结论】灌木柳能够在3 d内有效降低水体中的氮磷含量,适用于间歇性河流湿地的水体净化。     

鲢对富营养化水体的消减作用研究

以鲢为对象,通过设计室内试验,控制水体总磷(TP)和叶绿素a(Chl a)的初始浓度(0.355mg/L,57μg/L),改变总氮(TN)浓度(2.892mg/L和3.714mg/L浓度梯度),研究了鲢对设定富营养化水体的消减作用.结果表明,向100L实验水体中投入(10±1)g鲢(1尾)后,两种处理组水体中TP、TN和Chl a均降低,但初始TN浓度为3.714mg/L时鲢对富营养化水体的作用效果比TN浓度为2.892mg/L显著,表明鲢对富营养化水体的治理与TN浓度相关.     

水生植物对外源氮负荷污水的净化效果研究

针对河流湖泊水体富营养化污染严重现状,选取6种水生植物进行水质净化试验,为富营养化水体的生态修复治理提供参考.通过人工模拟受污染水体水质,采用静态水培的方法,对富营养化指标氮的测定研究六种水生植物及其组合对模拟污水中不同浓度氮的净化效果,六种水生植物包括菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、美人蕉(Canna indica)、大藻(Pistia stratiotes)、凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum).单一水生植物试验中,菖蒲在高、中浓度氮水体中TN去除率和去除贡献率均最大,去除率依次为99.80％、97.82％,去除贡献率依次为82.34％、97.56％;美人蕉在低浓度氮水体中TN去除率和去除贡献率均最大,依次为96.60％、95.23％.组合水生植物试验中,高浓度氮水体中金鱼藻+菖蒲+大藻组合水生植物对水体中TN的去除率和去除贡献率均最大,依次为97.20％、81.86％.中浓度氮水体中穗花狐尾藻+菖蒲+大藻水生植物组合水生植物对水体中TN去除率最大为99.19％,金鱼藻+菖蒲+凤眼莲组合水生植物对水体中TN去除贡献率最大为97.75％.低浓度氮水体中穗花狐尾藻+美人蕉+凤眼莲水生植物组合水生植物对水体中TN的去除率和去除贡献率均最大,依次为98.67％、95.33％.净化效果最好的植物类型为挺水植物,其次为浮水植物、沉水植物.选择的6种水生植物对TN均有一定的去除效果,在治理含氮污水时可结合实际考虑采用,为利用水生植物净化污染水体提供一定的理论依据.     

多孔混凝土综合生态效应的试验研究

通过模拟实际封闭水域的室内水质净化装置,研究了水体生物与多孔混凝土的生态适应性以及形成的综合生态效应对水质的净化效果.多孔混凝土综合生态效应的水质净化效果可通过总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)和悬浮固体浓度(SS)的去除量进行评价.试验表明:附着生长在多孔混凝土上的黄花水龙、杂藻、螺蛳以及微生物形成一个完整的微生态系统,6周后可使水体中TP的去除率均达到95%,TN的去除率达72.5%,CODMn去除率达到75%.提出了多孔混凝土水质净化的机理,即多孔混凝土作的多孔结构为水体中的生物提供了附着生长的空间,为水体生物多样性的增加,生态系统的完善提供了一个基础平台,其形成的生态系统具有良好水质净化效果.     

枫杨幼苗对富营养化水体中总氮总磷的去除效果

对枫杨1年生幼苗9—11月在4组总氮(TN,质量浓度分别为 20、300、400和800 mg／L)和总磷(TP,质量浓度分别为04、80、150和250 mg／L)的模拟富营养化水中的生长状况、形态变化及其对各浓度富营养化水中TN、TP的去除效果进行了研究。结果表明:枫杨对富营养化水适应性较强,在不同浓度的富营养化水中形态生长状况良好,株高、基径、叶片数均有不同程度的增长;对不同浓度富营养化水中的TN和TP净化效果良好,平均去除率分别为831 ％与2379 ％,其中对低浓度富营养化水中的TN、TP去除效果最佳,平均去除率分别高达1706 ％和 4086％。由此可知,枫杨是值得大力推广的净化富营养化水中TN与TP的湿生乡土树种。     

蔬菜浮床对城市富营养化景观水体的净化效果研究

针对城市居住小区和公共园林景观水体水质逐渐恶化的现象,探索通过构建空心菜和韭菜等蔬菜浮床的方法对景观水体进行净化。室内、室外实验结果均表明,蔬菜浮床对富营养化水体中的氮、磷具有良好的去除效果。其中,室内系统各营养物质的去除率分别为19.18%(TN)、19.55%(NH_4~+-N)、11.97%(NO_3~--N)、12.38%(TP);室外系统平均去除率分别为12.34%(TN)、12.49%(NH_4~+-N)、9.40%(NO_3~--N)、7.52%(TP)。为了评估浮床蔬菜的食用安全性,本研究对蔬菜体内部分重金属含量进行了测定,结果表明,两种蔬菜体内的铅和汞含量均超出《食品安全国家标准-食品中污染物限量》。蔬菜浮床具有显著的水体净化效果,为城市环境有限空间内的富营养化水体净化方式提供借鉴,是一种健康的绿色发展方式,但浮床蔬菜的食用安全性往往取决于水体环境特征,需进行相关评估。     

强化混凝处理长江原水工况参数优化研究

以杨树浦水厂的现用水源——取自青草沙水库的长江原水作为研究对象,考察了强化混凝试验的各项工况参数如混凝剂投加量、溶液pH、助凝剂投加量等对水质净化效果的影响,测定的水质参数包括浊度、UV_(254)、UV_(272)、总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)。混凝试验表明,最优实验条件如下:溶液pH为8,聚合氯化铝为最佳混凝剂且其投加量为4.5 mg/L,助凝剂投加量为0.1 mg/L时强化混凝效果最好。尽管对TOC(36.29%)以及TN(5.5%)去除效果较为有限,但可实现对浊度(90.19%)、UV_(254)(58.97%)、UV_(272)(64.76%)的有效去除效果,从而达到对原水常规净化处理并达标的目的。本研究成果可为杨树浦水厂既有水厂升级改造与工艺的优化运行提供有效的理论和技术支持。     

组合塑料碳素纤维生物膜技术处理景观水体的研究

对一种新型组合碳素纤维填料应用到生物膜技术中进行了研究,探讨其对于富营养化景观水体的净化效果及最佳填充量。首先采用污水厂的活性污泥进行曝气挂膜,待挂膜成熟后,在温度25℃左右,曝气量2. 5 L/min条件下对比填料在0. 1、0. 3、0. 6、0. 9、1. 2 g/L等不同膜填充量下净水效果,探讨该组合材料处理景观水体的最佳膜填充量。结果表明:新型组合材料在膜填充量分别为0. 1、0. 3、0. 6、0. 9、1. 2 g/L时COD_(cr)去除率分别为81. 33%、88. 33%、91. 67%、98. 33%、81. 67%; TN去除率分别为42. 32%、45. 61%、53. 13%、60. 01%、44. 48%; TP去除率41. 51%、79. 39%、83. 76%、80. 12%、74. 29%。研究表明,该组合填料最佳膜填充量为0. 9 g/L,对富营养化水体中的COD_(cr)、TN、TP有良好的去除效果,是一种高效的新型水处理材料。     

金鱼藻对不同程度污染水体的水质净化效果

选取江苏省南京市玄武湖的水生植物金鱼藻为研究对象,研究金鱼藻对3种不同污染程度富 营养水体的水质净化效果。结果表明：(1)金鱼藻对污染水体的净化效果明显高于对照组,且对 CODcr、TN和TP的去除率存在两两相关性;(2)金鱼藻体内氮、磷浓度增加的趋势与所在水体中的氮 、磷去除效果相一致;(3)金鱼藻的叶绿素含量在试验初期呈下降趋势,一段时间后金鱼藻体内叶 绿素含量随水质的净化均逐渐回升至原有水平。     

废弃生物质强化生态袋脱氮除磷的效果

针对传统生态袋脱氮除磷效果不佳的问题,对添加废弃生物质(生物质钙化物和农业废弃物)的生态袋强化水质净化的效果进行研究.通过物化特性分析和磷吸附试验,筛选出磷吸附效果最佳的生物质钙化物,然后将其与经碱处理的农业废弃物(稻草、丝瓜络和玉米芯)同时加入生态袋袋体中,考察废弃生物质对水体的净化效果和对微生物群落结构的影响,并进行示范工程应用.结果表明:牡蛎壳磷吸附效果最佳,且最适投加量为50 g/L;稻草耦合生态袋强化水体净化效果最明显,对化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、总磷(TP)的平均去除率分别达63.7％、82.7％、78.4％和65.1％;废弃生物质促进了Planctomycetes、Chlorofllexi和Nitrospir- ae等富集生长,有益于脱氮效果的提升.示范工程建成后水体水质整体达地表水环境质量Ⅲ类,该技术在农村水环境整治方面具有应用前景.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.