黄土地层雨水管道施工对既有下卧地铁变形的影响

为探究基坑开挖和顶管施工共同作用下下卧隧道结构的响应规律,以西安兴善寺东街雨水管道工程为背景,采用数值模拟和实测数据分析相结合的方法对比分析采用明挖法和顶管法两种不同施工方式施工时下卧隧道变形规律,利用正交试验法研究基坑开挖和顶管施工共同作用时下卧隧道隆起量影响因素。结果表明：下卧隧道沿纵向5倍基坑开挖宽度内结构的隆起变形受基坑开挖影响较大,且基坑开挖卸荷使下卧隧道结构发生不均匀变形。左隧道拱顶最大隆起量为4.13 mm,拱腰最大收敛值约为0.55 mm,结构易发生扭转变形;右隧道拱顶最大隆起量约为3.19 mm,拱腰最大收敛值约为0.24 mm,结构易发生竖向拉伸变形。采用顶管法施工可以减少下卧隧道的变形量,实测数据表明顶管施工会使下卧隧道产生横向收敛,最大为1.7 mm,实际工程中应注意控制既有隧道结构的横向变形。基坑开挖和顶管施工共同作用时,各因素对左右隧道的影响程度不同,左隧道的隆起量主要受基坑开挖卸荷作用影响,右隧道的隆起量主要受顶管施工的顶推作用和开挖卸荷作用影响。同时应注意各因素之间不一定是相互独立的,需要考虑因素组合对下卧隧道隆起量的影响。     

竖井工法开挖深基坑对下卧既有隧道上浮变形的控制

基坑开挖卸荷将改变地应力平衡状态,位于基坑正下方的地铁隧道将随基底一定深度范围内土层回弹而发生上浮变形。本文结合深圳地铁11号线正上方某采用竖井工法开挖的基坑工程为例,通过建立三维有限元模型分析下卧地铁隧道随竖井开挖过程的变形规律及竖井工法保护机制。结果表明：基坑开挖对下卧地铁隧道竖向卸荷作用显著,采用竖井工法能有效减缓隧道上浮趋势,减小最终上浮量;隧道纵向变形呈双峰形态,纵向变形曲率半径未超过规定值;隧道横截面随开挖过程而发生两侧拱腰压缩、拱顶与拱底之间拉伸的变形趋势,附加弯矩随开挖卸载率增大而逐渐减小,最大附加弯矩位于拱顶附近;竖井工法能减小基底土层的扰动程度,有效抑制基底土体以及隧道围土塑性区发展深度和面积,从而有效控制下卧地铁隧道的隆起量。     

开挖卸荷引起地铁隧道位移预测方法

目前越来越多的基坑工程位于已建地铁隧道之上或两侧 .近距离基坑开挖土体卸荷势必引起隧道的位移变化 ,因此如何预测和控制隧道变形、确保隧道使用安全日趋重要 .为此研究了处于软土基坑之下的地铁隧道的位移变化规律 ,分析了基坑工程中时间、空间效应对隆起的影响规律 ,提出了时间、开挖宽度影响系数 ,推导出考虑基坑施工影响的隧道位移变形的实用计算方法     

地铁隧道上方基坑开挖的有限元分析

随着城市发展和地下空间开发,越来越多基坑工程横跨在地铁隧道上方。而基坑开挖将改变周围土体的应力状态,使下卧隧道产生相应变形和内力,影响隧道的正常使用和地铁的安全。以深圳某横跨隧道上方的基坑工程为背景,通过三维有限元分析,对加固土体、设置抗拔桩、开挖分块等措施对基坑回弹和隧道隆起的影响,进行分析研究,为优化设计和施工提供有益的参考。     

基坑卸荷开挖对下卧地铁隧道影响的数值分析

基坑卸荷开挖引起围岩应力场的改变,必然对下卧运营隧道的安全性造成影响。以北京地铁8号线上方基坑卸荷开挖为背景,运用MIDAS/GTS软件、分别针对3种不同工况对施工全过程进行动态模拟。结果表明:基坑按分块、小面积开挖,底部土体注浆加固可以有效控制隧道隆起变形。隧道隆起变形近似呈正态分布,最大值发生在基坑正下方的隧道断面,从基坑正下方沿隧道纵向向左右各30m为开挖主影响区,左右各60m范围为开挖扰动区。     

浅覆地层盾构隧道下穿永宁门护城河的施工方案研究

以西安地铁二号线地铁隧道下穿永宁门护城河工程为依托,根据具体的工程地质和水文地质情况,利用开挖面的最小支护力原理,得出了盾构掌子面土仓内压力的安全范围,并就施工中河道内地表隆起较大的问题提出相应对策。采取在河道内堆载,并在盾构施工中合理控制土仓压力的措施,能有效控制地层变形,防止地表隆起。施工中的地层变形监测数据表明,提出的施工方案和技术措施正确可行,对未来类似条件下的隧道施工具有良好的参考价值。     

基坑开挖中既有下穿地铁隧道隆起变形分析

为了研究下卧隧道的隆起变形规律及其影响因素,结合南京火车站站前广场龙蟠路隧道西段上跨地铁1号线双线盾构隧道的基坑支护工程,开展了坑内满堂加固、人工抽条和桩板支护等盾构隧道抗隆起措施设计.采用三维有限差分程序FLAC3D对基坑支护及其开挖的全过程进行了数值模拟,并通过与现场实测数据的对比分析,研究了地铁隧道的变形规律及其...     

上跨既有地铁线深基坑工程变形控制措施研究

在既有地铁隧道邻近位置或上方进行基坑开挖,容易导致地铁隧道变形,从而对其使用功能和安全性产生严重影响.结合具体工程实例,从基坑设计、坑底地基加固、施工控制和信息化施工监测4个方面采取措施控制地铁隧道的变形,保护隧道基坑及地铁隧道的安全.监测结果表明,监测数据均在监测控制限值内,对既有地铁隧道起到有效保护.设计、施工措施及监测数据可供类似工程参考.     

基坑开挖引起下卧地铁隧道隆起的控制技术

由于在软土中分层分块开挖基坑,造成下卧地铁隧道隆起超过警戒值,若继续开挖将极可能超过控制值,因此回填并首次提出小竖井工法开挖基坑.论文以此为背景,在改用小竖井工法施工之前,对小竖井工法的各施工工况进行数值模拟,指导施工,并把模拟结果与现场实测值、原分层分块开挖方案模拟结果进行对比分析.结果表明:不同施工工况下隧道的隆起曲线总体上与现场实测值吻合良好,证明本文数值模拟分析合理可靠;改用小竖井工法之后,两条隧道最大隆起量分别为25.9 mm和26.9 mm,均被控制在调整后的隧道变形控制值以下,且分别比原方案减少了28.8%和26.5%,证明小竖井工法是一种有效控制下卧隧道隆起的开挖工法,可以为类似工程的设计、施工以及灾害治理提供借鉴.     

开挖卸荷引起地铁隧道位移的预测方法

目前越来越多的基坑工程位于已建地铁隧道之上或两侧,近距离基抗土体卸荷势必引起弹道的移变化,因此如何预测和控制隧道变形、确保隧道使用安全日趋重要,为此研究了处于软土基坑之下的地铁隧道的位移变化规律,分析了基坑工程中时间、空间效应应对隆起的影响规律,提出了时间、开挖宽度影响系数,推导出考虑基坑施工影响的隧道位移变形的实用计算方法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to