Cr和Mn元素强化的α钛合金的制备及其组织性能

在前人已经优化评估的Ti-Al-Cr-Mn四元热力学数据库的基础上,设计了一种新型α钛合金Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn,并利用分瓣式水冷铜坩埚成功制得了该合金。该合金在770℃下经轧机轧制成6mm厚的板材,然后于750℃保温90min进行真空退火热处理,出炉后置于空气中冷却。通过组织观察,发现无论是铸锭还是退火后的板材,室温下均为α型钛合金,与设计相符。室温力学性能试验表明,Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金的力学性能良好,平均屈服强度为894.9MPa,抗拉强度为926.7MPa,断后延伸率为15.2%。Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金与典型的α型钛合金TA15相比,室温强度相当,但塑性更好,成本更低。Ti-6Al-3Cr-1Mn合金的自腐蚀电位为-0.21V,自腐蚀电流密度为7.7×10-7 A·cm-2,耐腐蚀性能良好。     

不同工艺低碳Nb-B贝氏体钢组织性能

对一种不添加其他微合金元素的低碳Nb-B微合金贝氏体钢在不同工艺的组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明,终轧温度为850℃,冷却速度10℃/s左右,终冷温度560℃时,实验钢的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为495和720MPa,-20℃冲击功和延伸率分别为159 J和23%,实验钢组织为粒状贝氏体和准多边形铁素体;终冷温度降至480℃,实验钢组织为粒状贝氏体,屈服强度和-20℃冲击功分别提高51 MPa和93 J;终轧温度降至810℃时,屈服强度相对增加24MPa;冷却速度增大到25℃/s,组织为粒状贝氏体、少量的针状铁素体和板条贝氏体,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为655和777 MPa,而-20℃冲击功和...     

Fe-Mn-1.6 Ni-C水电用钢板轧后 直接淬火和回火工艺

通过Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢板控制轧制、轧后直接淬火和560~710℃回火调质处理实验,研究了轧后直接淬火态和回火态的组织与性能变化.结果表明,轧后直接淬火得到组织细小的板条马氏体,固溶强化作用提高了其抗拉强度.经过回火热处理后,碳化物的析出及其对位错的钉扎作用,降低了钢的抗拉强度,提高了钢的屈服强度.随着回火温度的升高,碳化物聚集长大,铁素体发生回复与再结晶,造成强度下降以及冲击韧性提高.当回火温度高于A_○c1时,粗大的碳化物极易引起裂纹形核,破坏钢的冲击韧性.Fe-Mn-1.6Ni-C钢最优的回火温度为680℃,屈服强度为963MPa,抗拉强度为988MPa,延伸率为20.0%,-60℃冲击功为142J.     

矩形断面铜包铝连铸坯轧制成形导电扁排的工艺及性能

采用水平连铸直接复合成形工艺制备了断面尺寸为50 mm×30 mm×3 mm×R4 mm的铜包铝复合棒材,通过多道次平辊轧制和精整拉拔,制备了断面尺寸为60 mm×8 mm的铜包铝复合扁排,研究了合理的轧制工艺、扁排的力学和导电性能.结果表明:扁排的最终轧后宽度与侧边部开裂具有相关性,可通过轧制过程的压下量分配和轧制温度控制扁排宽度,从而防止边部开裂.合理的轧制温度为室温至200℃.在室温平辊轧制时,较为合理的轧制制度为5道次平辊轧制,第1道次压下率为20%左右,最大道次压下率为30%左右.轧后经1道次精整拉拔,可获得外形尺寸精确、表面质量良好的铜包铝复合扁排.经退火处理后,铜包铝复合扁排电阻率为2.084×10-8Ω.m,抗拉强度为122.7 MPa,延伸率为22.0%,界面剪切强度为25.9MPa.     

淬火水温对2219铝合金锻环组织和力学性能的影响

采用室温拉伸测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜等测试分析方法,研究淬火水温(20～80℃)对2219铝合金锻环组织和拉伸性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着淬火水温提高,锻环的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率先升高后降低.当淬火水温超过60℃时,锻环延伸率各向异性倾向显著增加,其主要原因是形成粗大晶界析出相.当淬火水温为40℃时,锻环具有较好的强度和延伸率,其轴向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为418 MPa、300 MPa和9.3%,径向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为420 MPa、300 MPa和9.8%,切向抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为447 MPa、329 MPa和12.6%.     

不同加工方式对TC4钛合金组织与力学性能的影响

分别采用激光快速成型(3D打印)技术、锻造和铸造方法制备了TC4钛合金试样.通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪以及力学性能测试设备分别分析了不同制备方式成型样品的微观组织和力学性能变化规律.结果表明,3D打印成型的钛合金组织和性能有明显的取向性.3D打印横向样品抗拉强度和延伸率分别为1 013 MPa和8%,纵向抗拉强度和延伸率分别为972 MPa和15%;锻造样品抗拉强度和断后延伸率分别为877 MPa和18%;铸造样品的抗拉强度和延伸率分别为836 MPa和4%.不同成型方式样品力学性能的差异来自于其形成的不同微观组织和晶粒大小.3D打印TC4钛合金样品会在其成型快速冷却过程中形成网篮组织,且晶粒非常细小,约为2～3μm.锻造样品成型时形成等轴组织,晶粒尺寸约为10μm,且微观组织比3D打印和铸态合金更加均匀,因而具有更高的延伸率.铸造样品中形成魏氏组织,晶粒尺寸达到20～25μm,组织分布亦不均匀,因而,其具有更低的力学性能指标.     

控轧温度区间对含Nb热轧多相钢组织和性能的影响

以含Nb微合金化试验钢为研究对象,通过3个不同精轧温度区间的轧制+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺获得了含有铁素体、贝氏体、马氏体以及少量残余奥氏体的显微组织.分析了控轧温度区间对含Nb微合金化试验钢显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,在控冷工艺参数相近的情况下,随着精轧开轧温度和终轧温度的降低,试验钢的抗拉强度减小,屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积增大.其中采用850～800℃的温度区间精轧+层流冷却、空冷、超快冷的TMCP工艺时,试验钢的屈服强度、延伸率和强塑积分别达到了513MPa,35%和25235MPa.%的最大值.     

低碳钢低温轧制工艺实验研究

在实验轧机上进行低碳钢的低温轧制实验,并利用力能参数模型对低碳钢低温轧制时轧机能力进行校核计算。实验结果表明,加热温度从1200℃降至1150℃时,低碳钢的微观组织都是铁素体和珠光体,晶粒直径减小了1.3μm;试样的屈服强度提高了9MPa,抗拉强度提高了6MPa,延伸率下降了1.5个百分点,力学性能仍符合标准要求。校核结果表明轧机设备能力能够满足低温轧制需要。     

热连轧汽车大梁板T52L性能控制的研究

利用武汉钢铁（集团）公司热轧厂1700热连轧机大生产实测数据，对热轧带钢T52L的最佳化成分设计及控轧控冷工艺进行研究，优化T52L钢的化学成分，着重分析化学成分、轧制工艺对带钢屈服强度、抗拉强度、延伸率及冷弯性能的影响，同时进行性能控制的相关研究，建立T52L钢的力学性能控制模型，为工业化生产提供理论依据。     

薄板坯连铸连轧工艺制备TRIP钢的力学性能与组织

在实验室条件下模拟薄板坯连铸连轧工艺试制了C-Si-Mn系TRIP钢.拉伸实验表明,实验钢的抗拉强度为610MPa,屈服强度为430MPa,屈强比为0.70,总延伸率为28.4%.组织观察发现,试样组织为铁素体 贝氏体 残余奥氏体的三相组织,实验钢中残余奥氏体的平均含量为5.8%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-