基于路段转移采样的最优路径集计算方法

为了不计算路段阻抗而获取起点到终点的多条最优路径，提出一种基于路段间转移概率并通过路段转移采样来计算最优路径集的方法(最优路径集路段转移概率法):首先，通过分时段、分区域来获取路段间转移概率，采用时段划分将交通状态随时间变化的影响纳入考虑，利用交通小区代替给定起点和终点，避免了路网中起点与终点数量巨大、特定点对之间数据量不足的问题; 然后，基于路段转移采样进行轨迹采样并获取最优路径集。该方法不需计算路段阻抗，对数据要求低，计算简便。案例分析表明:利用最优路径集路段转移概率法得到的计算路径与实际路径的涵盖程度高，区域划分大小对结果影响较小，时段划分可有效反应交通状况。     

复杂地形电力线机载激光雷达点云自动提取方法

针对传统电力线自动提取方法提取复杂地形下电力线效果较差的不足,从输电走廊机载激光雷达点云数据特征出发,在分析复杂地形下传统方法提取电力线问题的基础上,提出了一种电力线自动提取的新方法,并应用实际线路点云数据进行了可行性验证.所提方法首先通过空间划分将长距离、复杂地形转换为多个小距离尺度空间组合,基于子空间特征的差异化高程阈值分割算法实现地物点分离,解决了传统单一高程阈值分割法不能有效识别电力线与地物点高程重叠的不足,然后利用高程密度分割算法实现杆塔定位与电力线提取,并提高算法效率.案例试验结果表明,所提出的方法能实现复杂地形下和平坦地形下的电力线准确自动提取,且提取的正确率高,算法效率较好,提出的算法可用于工程.     

信号控制下路段交通承载能力计算及交叉口配时优化模型

为了能够对信号控制下的路段交通承载能力进行准确分析计算,综合考虑路段空间属性、路段排队长度、驶入驶出流量以及交通控制方案等因素,给出了道路及路段与信号交叉口的交通承载能力定义,推导了最长承载时间与最大承载车辆总数的计算方法,建立了信号交叉口的交通承载能力优化模型,并搭建了基于VISSIM与PYTHON的实时交互仿真实验平台.针对算例中信号交叉口流量不变与流量动态变化2种情形进行了计算仿真.结果表明,与现有的等饱和度配时方法相比,该优化模型2种情形的最长承载时间分别增加了约23.0％和55.1％,且仿真结果与计算值的最大偏差在12.4％以内,验证了优化模型的有效性,实现了通过延长最长承载时间降低过饱和交叉口上游发生排队溢流的风险.     

基于烟羽模型的城市干道交通影响区范围计算

为界定对城市干道交通运行产生影响的道路空间分布,定义城市干道交通影响区,分析烟羽模型的宏观交通参数扩散适用性,进而通过研究区域内路段单元设置,将烟羽模型用于研究路段单元宏观交通参数的路网扩散性,在此基础上,提出路段单元空间平均车速与交通强度的影响距离模型,从而得出基于烟羽模型的干道交通影响区范围,最后以某市主干道杨桥路为例进行试算.试算结果表明,周边26个路段单元的交通影响距离均延伸至杨桥路,其中14个路段单元构成杨桥路交通影响区范围边界.可见该计算方法可求出影响干道交通的路网范围,有利于干道交通生成规律与管理技术研究.     

一种实用的等高线高程自动赋值方法研究

数字地图中经常存在没有赋高程值和高程值赋值错误的情况,为后期应用及入库带来很多的不便。针对此问题笔者结合Tin三角网原理,提出以高程散点为基准,构建Tin三角网,通过Tin三角形的边长与等高线在空间上的相交关系,自动检查和对等高线进行赋值。经过笔者理论和实践分析,其正确率非常高,完全可用于对地形图等高线高程的检查和自动赋值。     

具有破坏排队的离散时间动态网络装载算法

以简化的动力波理论为基础,假设路段上只有2种流量状态：一个是前向波;另一个是后向波。根据路段出入口的累计车辆数以及路段波速,计算可能的路段出入口流量,并以此为基础,进一步计算路段的实际出入口流量,给出了一个破坏排队条件下的离散时间动态网络装载模型。仿真试验结果表明：破坏排队模型能够跟踪由于路段拥挤导致的破坏排队现象,进一步对比了点排队与物理排队的动态网络装载结果的差异;在非拥挤状况下,2种模型类似,而在拥挤状况下,破坏排队模型能够给出更加真实的结果。     

基于门架数据的高速公路运行状态评价研究

高速公路信息化建设日益完善，为了能够更加详尽地掌握高速公路的交通状态，以济青高速为研究对象，通过挖掘门架数据，设计了k均值聚类算法和基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类算法相结合的两阶段聚类方法来识别驶入服务区车辆和异常行驶的车辆，再结合各车型流量占比加权的交通状态指数，从时间和空间维度分析高速公路路段交通状态。研究结果表明，两阶段聚类算法有着很好的识别效果，通过交通状态指标发现在7:00—20:00时段高速公路存在3个交通状态较拥堵的时段，精确地识别出高速公路中交通状态较拥堵的路段，并且发现路段的大车混入率与交通拥堵程度呈现密切的正相关的趋势，最后依据交通状态指数将济青高速路段交通状态划分为4个不同的等级，为交通管理部门提供了路段交通状态评估的技术支持。     

高程异常值微机自动查询系统的研究与设计

提出了高程异常等值线图的数字化和数据提取方法，建立了区域内高程异常数据库，采用距离加权、最小二乘插值、梯度插值三种实现了任意点高程异常的解算。解决了大地坐标和高斯直角坐标的转换，等值线图的显示、缩放、漫游等关键技术问题，采用面向对象的VB编程方法，开发了高程异常值的微机自动查询系统，可为测绘有关部门提供任意点的高程异常值。     

GPS铁路航测外控点的高程计算模型

首先从理论上说明ＧＰＳ点高程计算模型中拟合参数的物理意义，并论证一般计算模型所能达到的精度，然后提出铁路测量中ＧＰＳ点的高程计算模型，对试验结果进行分析．理论分析和试验结果充分说明，利用铁路初测水准测量成果进行拟合，所求定的ＧＰＳ点高程精度完全可以满足１∶２０００或更小比例尺成图对航测外控点高程的要求，从而大幅度节省外业工作量．     

基于机载LiDAR系统的电力线点云提取方法研究

针对野外地形高度起伏大、走向复杂、杆塔形式多样且点云密度不均匀等造成电力线点云提取精度低的问题，文章提出一种自动化精度高的新型电力线点云提取方法。根据电力线走向对整体点云进行分块处理；使用迭代高程阈值法计算得到最佳高程分割阈值，将地面点、地物点与电力线点进行分割；采用DBSCAN密度聚类法聚类出杆塔点并进行剔除，对于误分到杆塔点的部分电力线点结合点云高程搜索进一步提取出来；使用欧式聚类法对单根电力线点进行精提取。实际输电线路点云数据实验表明，该方法电力线总提取精度为99%,实现了电力线点云的自动、高效提取，可满足实际电力巡检生产需求。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.