图书信息领域中文问句浅层语义分析技术

阐述了面向开放领域和受限领域中文问句处理方法的异同,讨论了在受限领域(图书信息领域)中文问句处理的思路.在当前汉语言句法分析技术尚无法达到应用级别水平的前提下,提出了基于语义块识别的中文问句浅层语义分析技术.给出了语义块的定义、规约规则以及问句向量的生成方法,最终实现对中文问句的浅层语义挖掘,以满足实际应用的需要.实验证明,该方法在语料较为稀疏时,具有良好的效果.     

HMM模型和句法分析相结合的事件属性信息抽取

自然语言处理技术是计算机科学领域与人工智能领域中的一个重要方向,其中信息抽取是近年来新兴起的一个研究领域.由于汉语自身结构松散、语法语义灵活等特点,使得中文文本中信息抽取具有较大的难度.本文提出句法分析和隐马尔科夫模型相结合的事件属性抽取方法,其主要思想是先利用句法分析对中文文本进行分析,将得到的句法结构交给隐马尔科夫模型进行学习得到一个抽取模型,然后再由此模型对中文文本进行抽取.实验表明,该方法具有较高的准确率和召回率.     

文本分类中基于CHI和PCA混合特征的降维方法

中文文本数据的半结构化甚至非结构化的特点使得其分类存在着特征高维的问题,传统单一的特征降维方法难以满足大数据时代的文本分类需求.基于此,提出了一种基于卡方统计(Chi-square statistics,CHI)和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)的混合特征降维方法(CHI-...     

数据库自然语言接口技术研究在教学中的应用

数据库结构化查询系统,也称Structured Query Language(SQL)是一种数据库查询和程序设计语言,也是目前使用最广泛的数据库语言.本文从数据库结构化查询系统的现状争教学问题出发,提出了中文SQL理念,建立中文SQL语言库,并结合具体例子,阐明实现SQL的三个步骤和两个模块,从而改进SQL的学习.     

面向中文问答系统的问句句法分析

中文句法分析是汉语研究和信息处理中的一个关键环节，同时也是难点之一.探 讨了中文问句的结构特征，在面向中文问答系统的问句句法分析算法中，运用语料库句法处理技术，并对问句长度短、含疑问词、有疑问结构句式等特点加以利用，初步实验结果达到了预期目标.     

基于统计的句法分析方法

句法分析是自然语言处理的一个基本问题,随着大规模标注树库的建立,基于树库的统计句法分析逐渐成为现代句法分析的主流技术。在介绍句法分析树库及句法分析性能评测方法的基础上,对主要句法分析统计模型和中文句法分析的研究现状进行简要综述和分析,并探讨和总结了基于统计的句法分析模型的不足之处和发展趋势,指出现有的汉语句法分析方法不适合汉语的特点,没有有效刻画出汉语的本质特性,导致目前汉语句法分析性能与英语相比相差较大;将语义信息融入句法分析,并在此基础上建立句法分析与语义角色标注联合学习统计模型,将是句法分析的一个重要研究方向。     

利用词汇分布相似度的中文词汇语义倾向性计算

针对现有中文词汇语义倾向性计算方法存在较少考虑深层语义影响因素的问题,提出了一种利用词汇分布相似度的中文语义倾向性计算方法.该方法分2个步骤完成:①利用依存句法分析和统计工具获取词汇在语料库中的分布相似度,并综合知网(HowNet)和汉语连词特征信息优化语料库统计结果,计算中文词汇间的语义相似度;②采用无向带权图划分的聚类方法来实现中文词汇语义倾向推断.由于获取最优聚类结果是一个NP难问题,所以采用贪心算法求解近似最优值.通过在自建的语料库上进行测试,并与利用语料库统计信息、利用HowNet等2个词汇语义倾向性计算系统进行比较,结果是所提方法的准确率达到了80%,表明在提高中文词汇语义倾向性计算的准确性方面是可行、有效的.     

基于CRF和转换错误驱动学习的浅层句法分析

本文提出一种CRF和基于转换错误驱动相结合的中文浅层句法分析方法.该方法应用于宾州大学中文树库,取得不错的组块识别效果.在CRF识别的基础上,对初始识别结果中的组块标注信息进行统计分析,获得候选转换规则集合;再根据定义的规则评价函数对候选集进行筛选,得到最终的转换规则集合;最后应用转换规则集对CRF标注的结果进行校正....     

面向非结构化文本的开放式实体属性抽取

从非结构化文本中抽取给定实体的属性及属性值,将属性抽取看作是一个序列标注问题.为避免人工标注训练语料,充分利用百度百科信息框(Infobox)已有的结构化内容,对非结构化文本回标自动产生训练数据.在得到训练语料后,结合中文特点,选取多维度特征训练序列标注模型,并利用上下文信息进一步提高系统性能,进而在非结构化文本中抽取出实体的属性及属性值.实验结果表明:该方法在百度百科多个类别中均有效;同时,该方法可以直接扩展到类似的非结构化文本中抽取属性.     

基于句法与主题扩展的中文微博情感倾向性分析模型

微博数据具有微博文本长度不一,文本内容主题发散性,夹杂微博专用符号等特性,需要一种融合句法分析、领域知识、表情符号等多因素的综合建模方法对社会、娱乐、安全等多领域微博进行情感分析. 文章提出了一种面向主题的中文微博情感建模方法,该模型涵盖了数据预处理、句法分析、主题扩展、领域知识、情感词上下文极性调整、表情符号等内容,最后以新浪微博采集数据,选取3个领域主题进行了实验,在特定的实验环境下,得到了较高的分析准确率.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with