盘式磁流变液离合器的设计与分析

磁流变液离合器是一种利用磁流变液剪切应力来进行离合的一种装置,它传递的力矩随外加磁场的变化迅速变化.本文在理论上给出了盘式磁流变液离合器的设计方法,推出了磁流变液离合器传递力矩的方程,得出了盘式磁流变液离合器中磁流变液体积、厚度等的计算公式.为盘式磁流变液离合器的设计奠定了理论基础.     

大型剪切机中的摩擦力矩不容忽视

通过对剪切机的受力分析和实例计算，发现摩擦力矩在整个静力矩中占有很大的比例，其大小不容忽视，并从设计和使用方面提出了降低摩擦力矩、提高设备效率的措施。     

考虑摩擦补偿的SEA弹性体刚度在线估计方法

提出了一种考虑摩擦补偿的串联弹性作动器(SEA)弹性体刚度在线估计方法.该方法利用作动器在适当条件下电机电流补偿摩擦力矩后估计的力矩来实时校准弹性体刚度,以减小弹性体刚度变化带来的力矩估计误差.通过实验定量分析了基于谐波减速器的系统摩擦力矩模型参数.对比弹性模型和电流模型计算力矩的优缺点,分析出当电机角速度在适当范围且负载变化较小的稳定状态时,电流力矩模型补偿摩擦力矩后可准确地计算负载力矩.负载稳定状态时,以电流模型估计力矩,并采用卡尔曼滤波算法对弹性体刚度实时校准.负载不稳定状态时,以弹性模型估计力矩.实验结果表明,本方法能有效克服弹性体刚度变化导致的力矩误差.     

摩擦片式离合器与制动装置的热计算

介绍了机床上使用的摩擦片式离合器,在工作时产生热的状态下,计算离合器的极限接合次数以及摩擦片的接触面积的方法.     

电子机械制动执行器的摩擦力矩和能耗分析

为了实现在设计阶段对系统摩擦力矩的合理预估,提高执行器性能预测的准确性,以行星齿轮滚珠丝杆式电子机械制动执行器为研究对象,分析系统摩擦的主要来源及其对执行器性能的影响;建立执行器系统动力学模型和摩擦力矩模型,将理论计算与实验相结合,对模型参数进行了辨识,基于理论计算和实验辨识结果的对比分析讨论了两者存在差异的原因;同时分析摩擦模型参数对制动间隙消除时间和最大制动夹紧力的影响,各部件摩擦对系统摩擦力矩的影响及其随转速和载荷的变化规律,以及紧急制动过程中执行器产生的摩擦能耗.结果表明:影响制动间隙消除时间的摩擦主要来源于电机和滚珠丝杆;影响制动夹紧能力的摩擦主要来源于滚珠丝杆、电机和推力轴承,随着制动夹紧力的增加滚珠丝杆和推力轴承对系统摩擦的影响增大,而电机的影响显著降低;紧急制动过程中,执行器产生的有效力矩传递比仅为73.56%,摩擦能耗高达48.1%.     

滑差离合器传动摩擦副设计

滑差离合器因其无级调速和高效节能等性能优势已开始应用于各工业领域。针对传统滑差离合器技术借用普通湿式离合器摩擦副的设计方法来设计传动摩擦副,现已无法完全满足实际工程需要的问题,对滑差离合器传动摩擦副的设计方法进行了专门的理论和实验研究,得到其物理尺寸、表面沟槽、摩擦材料等参数的设计方法和热平衡校核的计算公式。试验研究表明:按此新方法和公式进行设计和校核的传动摩擦副,完全能够满足调速离合器的实际性能要求。     

汽车摩擦离合器优化设计

离合器是汽车传动系中重要的组成部件,对汽车整车性能尤其是扭振具有重要的影响。基于从动盘减振器刚度和阻尼对系统振动状态的影响,结合DST240系列离合器,建立了从动盘式摩擦离合器扭转减振器的优化模型,对目标函数进行了优化,改善了传动系统扭转振动工况,分析结果表明该方法具有实用性。     

组合式摩擦离合器-制动器优化设计

近几年来,随着机械优化设计理念的深入和应用,改进后产品的性能得到了明显的提高。作者查阅了大量相关资料后确发现,对于曲柄压力机的关键部件———组合摩擦离合器 制动器的优化设计研究相对较少。就此,作者通过优化设计方法,建立了相关数学模型,用优化设计方法对组合式摩擦离合器 制动器进行了设计计算。并就优化设计与传统设计的结果进行了比照。结论表明,优化设计结果优于传统设计。优化数学模型的建立是合理的。同时,该优化数学模型对其它类型的离合器和制动器设计具有一定的参考价值。     

基于摩擦因数变化率的离合器可靠性补偿控制研究

针对过大的摩擦因数变化率可能引发离合器控制失效的问题,提出了一种基于摩擦因数变化率的可靠性补偿控制方案.利用SAE#2试验台,在不同输入转速、油温、油压下,完成了摩擦副摩擦因数试验,获得了摩擦因数随工作参数的变化规律.基于摩擦因数变化率建立了失效评价模型,并设计了补偿模糊控制方案.台架试验结果表明,在摩擦因数变化率较大的高温重载工况下,改进后的控制算法有效延长了离合器接合时间,提高了离合器摩擦副的工作可靠性.     

混合动力汽车湿式离合器摩擦副温度场及其影响因素研究

热失效是混合动力汽车湿式离合器发生故障的主要原因之一。摩擦副滑摩过程中具有高度非线性,同时摩擦副温度场受到多个参数影响。为深入研究混合动力汽车离合器摩擦副温度场分布情况,通过搭建混合动力汽车离合器热结构耦合分析模型,对滑摩过程进行仿真计算。在此基础上,深入研究初始转速、接合油压、对偶钢片厚度和摩擦衬片材料等因素对摩擦副温度场的影响。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to