基于功能危险分析的数控机床主传动系统故障树分析

针对数控机床主传动系统故障树分析中顶事件选择片面的问题,指出进行功能危险分析为顶事件的选择提供技术和理论依据,即以功能危险分析的输出作为故障树分析的输入建立故障树.采用上行法对故障树求最小割集并进行分析,确定出系统的薄弱环节,验证了应用功能危险分析技术确定故障树顶事件的有效性.     

长输油气管线风险概率分析软件研究

目前有关管道风险分析软件仅处于半定量化水平,且实用水平普遍较低.应用系统风险可靠性分析的基本原理,以油田长输管线为分析对象,确定管线服役过程中的失效事件为顶事件,应用故障树分析法(FTA)建立故障树,并对其进行定性和定量分析,得出故障树的全部最小割集和顶事件的发生概率.对各基本事件的结构重要度、概率重要度和关键重要度进行了计算.重点介绍了长输油气管线风险概率分析软件的总体结构、功能及其实现过程.最后给出了应用实例.     

螺栓法兰连接模糊故障树分析

根据螺栓法兰连接系统的模糊性、连接系统的主要故障及其失效原因,建立以连接系统泄漏失效为顶事件的故障树.依据模糊集理论,基于基本事件发生概率的三角模糊分布,对所建立的故障树进行了模糊分析.采用Fussel算法得到了顶事件的最小割集,求取了顶事件的模糊概率及不同置信水平下顶事件的隶属函数;将模糊重要度中值分析法引入螺栓法兰连接系统的故障树分析中,获得了顶事件最小λ截集水平下的各基本事件的模糊重要度,得到影响连接系统泄漏失效行为的重要因素,并给出相应的泄漏预防与控制策略.     

模糊故障树在通风系统可靠性研究中的应用

在缺乏足够可靠性数据的情况下,模糊故障树分析为研究矿井通风系统可靠性提供了重要途径.以完善的矿井通风系统构成为基础,用三角模糊数表示基本事件概率,以“矿井通风系统故障”作为顶事件构建矿井通风系统故障树(FTA),对通风系统可靠性进行研究,并将其应用于甘肃某矿.结果表明:故障树最小割集共549个,一级事件“监控反馈系统故障”是造成最小割集数量庞大的最主要原因;顶事件和一级事件可靠性较低,顶事件的失效模糊概率为(0.009,0.014,0.009),最大值达2.3％;监控反馈系统故障内基本事件模糊重要度最高,归一化最大值0.084 3,其余多分布于0.005 0～0.010 0范围内.     

基于模糊故障树的燃料电池发动机氢安全

针对燃料电池发动机的安全可靠性,分析了氢安全和电安全的基本要求及其影响因素,重点从氢安全角度建立了以氢气泄露为顶事件的故障树模型.考虑到底事件和中间事件发生故障概率的模糊性和不确定性,将模糊数学和故障树分析法相结合,对底事件的故障概率进行模糊化并计算了顶事件发生的模糊概率;然后,采用模糊数中值法进行了各底事件的模糊重要度分析,找出了燃料电池发动机安全性的薄弱环节并提出了相关整改措施.研究结果表明,该方法较之传统故障树分析法实用、有效,对提高燃料电池发动机的可靠性与安全性设计具有指导作用.     

大型软件研发项目安全性风险定量分析理论模型

为了解决大型软件研发项目安全性风险概率问题,以软件编码阶段中的质量风险类的文档质量风险因素为实际案例,研究和分析了大型软件工程项目复杂系统的风险特征。模糊故障树是由模糊数学和模糊集合理论综合集成的定量分析方法,首先计算顶事件的概率和底事件概率重要度,然后根据顶事件发生的概率重要度,确定顶事件对应的薄弱环节,最终为降低顶事件发生概率提供有效的改进途径。研究案例采用该定量模型,以文件破坏重大风险作为故障树顶事件,得出其概率和底事件概率重要度,找出了引起安全问题的存储风险,从而有效地保证软件开发过程的安全可靠性。因此,该定量方法能够有效地控制大型软件研发项目的安全性问题,不仅有效而且可行。     

劲性水泥土搅拌桩地下连续墙贝叶斯网络分析

分别分析了事件树、故障树和贝叶斯网络的优点和缺点,总结了三者联合应用的必要性,进而改善了贝叶斯网络的构造方法.方法是先将事件树的输出事件和序列事件分别作为故障树的顶事件和中间事件建造系统的故障树,再将故障树转化为系统的贝叶斯网络,然后利用贝叶斯网络的计算优势进行分析;建议贝叶斯网络中的任一非根节点事件出现失效时应按后验概率从大到小的次序对相应根节点事件进行控制.采用文中方法分析了SMW(soil-cement mixingwall)深基坑工程的基坑事故发生概率和造成事故的主要基本事件,证明了该方法的实用性.     

核电站高压安全注入系练的故障模式分析

高压安全注入系统是核电站专设安全设施的一个组成部分。正常运行时,它是个备用设备,发生失水事故时,可向堆芯注入应急冷却水,以确保核电站安全。本文将故障树分析法和状态枚举法相结合,成功地分析了“伪冗余”系统的故障模式,并利用重复模块分析法、早期不交化和蒙特卡罗法算出高压安全注入系统的无效度及置信区间、各部件的概率重要度和结构重要度。     

井筒矿车坠落事故的模糊故障树分析

为了保证矿井提升系统的安全运行,运用故障树分析方法,建立了井筒坠车的故障树,对井筒坠车事故发生的概率进行了定量计算,给出了不同截集水平下顶事件发生的概率及置信区间.研究表明:模糊故障树分析将有助于提高矿井提升系统运行的安全性和可靠性,且方法简洁实用.     

卫星光通信瞄准控制系统的故障树分析

瞄准、捕获和跟踪(PAT)技术是卫星光通信中的关键技术之一,对PAT子系统进行有效的状态监测与故障诊断具有十分重大的意义.针对PAT子系统中瞄准控制系统的故障诊断问题进行了研究.以电机转动异常这一故障为顶事件建立了故障树,并运用数学方法对其进行了定性与定量分析.应用表明,故障树分析法运用于瞄准控制系统故障诊断是可行的.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to