双侧卸载工况下盾构隧道错缝拼装结构变形特征

依托厦门地铁2号线区间隧道,采用相似模型试验和有限元数值模拟分析了隧道双侧卸载工况下结构的受力变形特征、破坏形式及损伤过程,得到盾构隧道管片错缝拼装结构在双侧卸载工况下的变形控制指标.结果表明,管片混凝土裂缝宽度达到设计允许值0.15 mm时的收敛变形值为3.29‰D(D为隧道直径);螺栓屈服时收敛变形值为10.67‰D,结构破坏形式表现为由管片开裂、螺栓屈服直到变形过大并垮塌.     

地铁低瓦斯区间小间距重叠隧道大直径盾构施工技术

针对成都地铁18号线天府新站-龙泉山隧道进口端盾构区间和合江车辆段出入线组成的上下重叠隧道进行了施工技术研究,提出了"下部隧道盾构掘进参数控制+下部隧道围岩和夹层土体注浆双加固+下部隧道内设管片支撑结构+上部隧道盾构掘进参数控制"施工措施,建立了地铁区间小间距重叠隧道大直径盾构施工技术。经管片支撑结构应力、地表沉降和下隧道管片结构变形监测结果分析,验证了建立的技术的可行性,安全快速地完成了施工任务,对今后类似工程提供参考。     

地铁盾构隧道30°斜穿地裂缝的物理模拟试验

为了研究30°斜穿地裂缝的盾构隧道管片衬砌结构在地裂缝影响下的变形破坏模式和影响规律,从西安地铁盾构隧道工程背景和西安地裂缝地质环境出发,根据相似理论设计了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构模型试验的相似常数,对模型混凝土、模型钢筋、结构围岩、模型管片及其连接螺栓参数等进行了设计.该结构模型试验能对结构钢筋、混凝土进行应变测量,对结构接触土压力和结构外围土压力、结构内部收敛位移、模型顶表面土体变形等进行观测.借助地基沉降试验平台,通过自锁式千斤顶的缓慢下降,实现对地裂缝上盘相对下降的模拟,地裂缝的活动速率和错动量通过工控机控制自锁式千斤顶的运行速率和行程来实现.试验结果表明:该试验设计满足地裂缝活动下30°斜交盾构隧道管片衬砌结构变形破坏模式和破坏范围研究的需要,能实现模型试验目标;地基沉降试验平台能较好地模拟地裂缝的活动.     

北京地下直径线大直径盾构隧道技术研究

以北京地下直径线双线大直径（11.6 m）盾构隧道的设计技术研究为背景,重点介绍了该盾构隧道的盾构选型、盾构管片结构计算、管片结构设计、管片防水设计等技术,并对该盾构隧道施工的设计要求做了简单叙述,对今后类似工程具有一定参考价值。     

盾构隧道衬砌结构小角度斜穿地裂缝的破坏机理

从西安地铁1 #线工程背景和西安地裂缝地质环境出发,根据相似理论设计了盾构隧道管片衬砌结构30°斜穿地裂缝的物理模型试验管片混凝土应变、纵向和环向螺栓应变、结构接触土压力外围土压力、结构内部收敛位移、模型顶表面土体变形以及宏观变形破坏现象表明:盾构隧道管片衬砌结构30°斜穿地裂缝的变形破坏模式为剪切变形为主,局部有扭转变形;结构破坏范围为上盘1.25D,下盘0.75D(D为管片环外径);管片衬砌结构变形破坏不对称,管片环向处于偏压状态;环缝拱底位错量大于拱顶和拱腰,拱底最大位错量达40 mm(0.033D),模型难以适用地裂缝错动变形20 cm(0.1667 D),盾构管片衬砌结构不适用于地裂缝活动强烈的地质环境     

盾构隧道下穿明挖区间隧道三维数值模拟分析

某地铁工程正线盾构隧道需下穿引出段线明挖区间隧道,针对上部隧道底部不加固、上部隧道底部加固及上部隧道底部不加固+盾构反向掘进三种不同工况,对盾构掘进中引起的周围土体变形及上部明挖区间隧道位移进行了详细分析。计算结果表明:上部隧道底部土体加固能控制上部隧道沉降变形,但加固对新建隧道及其周边土体变形影响很小;因上部隧道在平面上为曲线型,盾构掘进方向对上部隧道有一定的影响,对新建隧道管片及周边土体变形影响较小;采用注浆加固后,上部隧道沉降变形得到了较好地控制,最大可降低10%的沉降,同时可根据具体控制要求,选择合适的加固强度。     

盾构姿态变化对管片影响与控制研究及展望

大量盾构隧道工程实践表明,盾构姿态控制不良导致千斤顶对管片的偏心推力、盾壳对管片的挤压力、盾尾注浆对管片的不均匀压力等施工荷载是引起管片结构发生各种病害的主要原因.为了阐明盾构姿态变化对管片受力的影响及控制技术的应用现状,详细介绍了盾构姿态参数、测量方法及姿态变化过程,重点阐述了盾构姿态引起施工荷载的变化对管片结构影响的研究进展,并归纳施工各阶段盾构姿态的控制和纠偏技术措施,指出了现有研究的不足和尚需讨论的问题.建议研发高精度高智能化的自动导向系统,全面考虑姿态变化过程中的施工荷载,构建精细化管片模型和三维盾构姿态的动态模型,进一步探究姿态参数对盾构姿态的控制效应.     

苏州市轨道交通3号线重叠隧道盾构掘进参数控制值研究

依托苏州市轨道交通3号线土建Ⅲ-TS-14标现娄区间重叠隧道工程特点,详细介绍了管片衬砌结构设计和施工组织技术,选取重叠段中间50环管片对应的盾构掘进参数进行了统计分析,包括掘进速度、同步注浆压力与注浆量、土舱压力、盾构推力与扭矩、刀盘转速、出土量、二次注浆压力与注浆量,解决了软土重叠隧道盾构掘进参数控制值问题,为今后类似工程提供技术指导。     

软土地区浅埋大直径盾构隧道管片上浮规律及预测： 以上海机场联络线工程为例

为探究软土地区浅埋大直径盾构隧道管片上浮规律及其影响因素,本文依托上海机场联络线浅埋大直径盾构隧道工程案例,基于实测数据分析了盾构姿态变化对管片上浮的影响,揭示了管片上浮量与施工参数之间的相关关系,提出了考虑多因素的管片上浮非线性预测方法。研究结果表明,管片上浮主要可分为脱出盾尾前初始偏差及变形、快速上浮（盾尾5环）、缓慢上浮（盾尾5-15环）和沉降等4个阶段;盾构姿态、管片姿态与超挖是影响管片上浮特性的重要因素;管片上浮量与平均推力、盾构仰角、平均推进速度呈正相关,与上下盾尾间隙差呈负相关,采用多元非线性拟合方式可以综合考虑多因素较好地预测管片上浮量。本文相关研究可为大直径盾构隧道施工过程中上浮预测与控制提供参考。     

地铁盾构施工过程中变形与结构失效机制研究

随着越来越多的地铁盾构隧道的建设和运营,地铁盾构施工过程中的变形和结构失效引起了更多的关注.首先介绍了盾构结构的管片结构以及接头构造,其次,分别讨论了隧道运营过程中产生的不同横向变形和纵向变形并推导出了相关变形公式;最后,根据其横向变形以及纵向变形对隧道产生影响,分别阐述了由变形造成的管片缝隙张开失效、接头处螺栓受拉受剪失效、隧道由于人工原因漏水失效等情况.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.