山区高速公路紧急避险车道辅助车道设置

通过对8处紧急避险车道主线外侧车道车头时距的收集与分析,运用拟合分析和卡方检验,发现当外侧车道交通流小于500veh·h-1时,车头时距符合负指数分布.考虑主线外侧车道交通流量、失控车辆的速度与失控车辆汇入的临界间隙,应用微分法求导得到失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的汇入概率模型.通过分析失控车辆汇入主线外侧车道的换车道驾驶行为,得到了不同路面状况下车辆汇入临界间隙.在保证失控车辆95%的汇入成功率条件下,计算不同路面状况、主线外侧交通流量与驶入速度下的辅助车道长度设置值.     

面向城市交通事故的多节点自组织信号控制优化

城市道路发生交通事故后,事故区会形成通行瓶颈,若上游汇入事故区的车流不加以管控,则会导致车流在瓶颈区形成排队,甚至造成排队溢流、拥挤扩散.针对此问题,本文在获取事故路段通行能力和上游交叉口车辆流量流向的基础上,基于交通流均衡原理,构建事故点上游多节点交叉口分级截流的信号控制优化模型,以限制上游汇入事故点的交通量,同时在模型中考虑上游截流交叉口进口道的饱和度、排队长度、截流时长和主要截流路线,防止拥堵转移并减小调控交叉口的范围.案例仿真表明：该模型能够有效抑制事故点的排队长度,避免拥堵扩散,使路网平均车速提升20.54%,平均单车延误降低24.83%,且不会对周边路网造成较大负担.研究成果可为交通事故拥堵治理提供决策依据和方法参考.     

微观交通仿真研究不同流量条件下的车道利用率

车道利用率反映的是单一方向路段交通量在不同车道上的分布情况，它影响交通流的稳定性，是道路通行能力和交通安全的重要影响因素．针对不同流量条件下车道利用率的不确定性和难以通过实验采获等特点，应用车辆跟驰、车道变换等微观交通流仿真模型在一体化仿真环境下进行模拟研究，得到双车道和三车道路段流量一换道次数以及流量—车道利用率关系的基本规律。     

相邻交叉口短车道长度与配时参数协同优化

针对相邻交叉口在共有连线上均渠化左转短车道的现况,研究其时空资源的最优配置.通过分析短车道对进口道饱和流率的影响,建立以交叉口通行能力最大化与车均延误最小化为目标函数、以短车道长度和相位有效绿灯时间为决策变量的多目标优化模型.以大连市两相邻交叉口为例,通过Matlab软件对优化模型进行编程求解,进而利用VISSIM软件对现有方案和优化方案分别进行仿真试验.结果显示,优化方案虽然使每个交叉口通行能力减小,但是也使每个交叉口车均延误、饱和度和平均排队长度减少.此外,优化方案使每个交叉口通行能力与车均延误之比增大,使单位时间内通过两个交叉口的总车辆数增加.研究成果表明,交通组织与信号控制的协同优化设计可以实现交叉口群的时空资源的最优配置.     

基于元胞自动机的双车道环岛交通流特性研究

针对以元胞自动机模型模拟单车道环岛交通行为推断多车道环岛交通流特性的局限性,通过分析双车道环岛上车辆在自由流下的期望行驶路线、在非自由流下的期望换道临界位置和极限位置,描述双车道环岛上车辆的换道决策,建立双车道环岛的元胞自动机模型。数值模拟分析结果表明:环岛总延误时间与环岛限速、车辆驾驶员熟练程度以及车辆左转概率有关,同时也受环岛周长的影响;在其他因素不变的情况下,若环岛周长越小、车辆限速越大、车辆左转概率越小以及驾驶员熟练程度越高,则环岛总延误时间越小。     

一种高速公路隧道交通流元胞自动机模型

针对高速公路隧道交通瓶颈,通过分析高速公路隧道区域通行环境特性,研究车辆行驶在高速公路隧道路段时的换车道、加速、减速等微观交通现象,在双车道元胞自动机模型STCA模型基础上,引入车辆速度控制条件和车道控制条件,提出了一种高速公路隧道交通瓶颈元胞自动机模型,分析了不同长度高速公路隧道对区域路段交通流的影响。研究结果表明：建立的模型能够模拟车辆在高速公路隧道区域的时空变化特征;高速公路隧道瓶颈会对紧邻瓶颈下游的特定长度路段的交通流产生缓冲作用;隧道路段区域的最大流量以及平均车速与无隧道路段区域相比,将会随着隧道长度的增加而逐渐降低。     

基于车道的交叉口车道功能和信号相位优化模型

考虑不同进口道、不同流向、不同车道功能及不同相位方案等复杂因素的相互影响,建立了基于车道的交叉口车道功能和信号相位优化模型。模型目标函数采用交叉口关键流量比最小,考虑进出口道车道平衡、流量匹配、车道功能冲突、合用车道等饱和度等约束,能够同时优化进口道和出口道,给出了模型求解算法。提出的模型变量较少,与目前交通设计方法衔接更好,能够得到全局最优解,求解方法也相对简单。实例验证表明,模型能够有效降低交叉口关键流量比、周期和车均延误。     

锯齿形公交优先进口道的设计与延误分析

根据锯齿形公交优先进口道的工作原理和工作流程,分析了公交候驶区的长度和主、预信号的信号配时,并采用VISSIM仿真软件,对交叉口进行仿真,分析在设置锯齿形公交优先进口道前后,交叉口的交通延误变化情况。结果表明：通过设置锯齿形公交优先进口道。公交车辆的车均延误减少,社会车辆的车均延误增加。但是乘客总延误和人均延误都减少了,改善了整个交叉口的交通运行状况。     

混合网联环境快速路交织区交通流特性分析

在混合人工驾驶车辆(human-driven vehicle, HV)与网联自动驾驶车辆(connected and autonomous vehicle, CAV)的交通流环境下，为提升快速路交织区的通行效率与行车安全性，深入分析了混合交通流的基本特性.首先，结合交织区通行能力计算模型，研究交织区域长度、交织交通量比和CAV渗透率等因素对交织区通行能力的影响；其次，推导混合交通流基本图模型，并在不同期望车头时距和CAV渗透率下对混合交通流基本图参数进行分析；最后，通过数值仿真实验，分别探讨在由车辆换道行为所产生的单一扰动和频繁扰动条件下，混合交通流行驶速度与车头间距的时空演化规律及交通流稳定性.结果表明：CAV渗透率的提升可以提高交织区通行能力以及混合交通流交通效率；交织交通量比的减小和交织区域长度的增大可提高交织区通行能力；提升CAV渗透率可以有效提高混合交通流的稳定性，但较小的车头间距也会造成一定的安全隐患.     

借BRT车道掉头的交叉口渠化与信号控制优化

针对城市快速公交(BRT)时空优先权引发的交叉口拥堵问题,以太原市平阳路与学府街交叉口为例,通过交通调查分析交叉口存在的问题,运用"借BRT车道掉头"的方法对该交叉口的渠化和信号控制方案重新设计,用Vissim交通仿真软件对原方案和设计方案进行对比分析。得出优化后北进口道左转车辆的车均延误与车均停车时间分别下降了15.2 s、13.2 s,掉头车辆的车均延误与车均停车时间分别下降了9.6 s、10.8 s,左转与掉头的平均排队长度降低42%.结果表明:文章所给"借道掉头"设计方法能缓解BRT与其他车辆在平交口的冲突,提高交叉口通行效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.