木材表面SiO2/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜的构建

【目的】为获得具有良好机械耐磨性的超疏水木材,构建了木材表面SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷复合超疏水膜。【方法】采用两步法在木材表面构建有机/无机复合超疏水涂层,在木材基底预置透明环氧树脂底层以覆盖木材表面天然微沟槽结构,然后构建SiO₂/环氧树脂/氟硅烷(FAS)复合超疏水薄膜。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜以及傅里叶红外光谱仪对超疏水涂层的微观形貌和化学组成进行表征,并测试其疏水、疏油和机械耐磨性能。【结果】木材表面复合超疏水涂层具有精细的微/纳米二元粗糙结构,该结构协同低表面能物质FAS,使木材表面不仅具有良好的超疏水性能(水静态接触角为153°,滚动角低于4°),而且疏油(乙二醇接触角为146°,滚动角低于11°); 经砂纸多次磨擦后木材表面水接触角和滚动角基本不变,超疏水性能保持稳定,超疏水涂层的微纳米结构及疏水物质依然保留,表现出良好的机械耐磨性。【结论】有机/无机复合超疏水涂层体系中,环氧树脂由于黏结作用使得SiO₂纳米粒子与木材基底形成牢固的结合,从而赋予涂层良好的机械稳定性。     

冷凝换热表面超疏水复合涂层的制备及性能

针对目前促成滴状冷凝换热的超疏水表面造价昂贵、热导率低和综合性能差等问题,以可溶性聚四氟乙烯、改性石墨烯(C)、气相二氧化硅等为原料,通过共混法在不锈钢基材上制备了用于冷凝传热表面的高导热超疏水复合涂层,并对其耐腐蚀能力、导热系数、强度和蒸汽冷凝传热性能进行测试分析。结果表明,涂层的耐酸腐蚀性能、导热性能强于304不锈钢,当含3%的C时,导热系数为18.188W·(m·K)^-1,在20%硫酸浓度恒温30℃条件下腐蚀速率为0.201mg·(cm²·h)^-1,和基材结合强度达38MPa。SEM分析表明,涂层疏水性能与气相二氧化硅含量有关,且质量分数为10%时接触角达155°。冷凝实验表明常压蒸汽在涂层表面冷凝时传热系数达120k W·(m²·K)^-1,大于不锈钢表面近10倍,并得出其滴状冷凝不持久的原因。     

石墨基PTFE涂层阴极动态隔膜电解池产H2O2效能

采用自制的石墨基聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)涂层电极做阴极,以Nafion117阳离子交换膜为隔膜,构建动态隔膜电解池,重点研究隔膜、PTFE添加量、阴极电解液循环流量对体系产H₂O₂性能的影响,并考察电极的重复使用性能。结果表明：动态隔膜电解池产H₂O₂的性能明显高于无隔膜或静态实验的方式。当PTFE乳液(质量分数60%)添加量为0.7 mL、电解液初始pH为3、电流密度为5 mA/cm²、阴极电解液循环流量为0.3 L/min时,体系产H₂O₂效果最佳,反应180 min时的H₂O₂产量达到27.43 mg/(L·cm²),此时的电流效率为72.09%,能耗为7.87 kW·h/kg。但是电极的重复使用性能不佳,连续使用5次后,180 min时的H₂O₂产量降至8.99 mg/(L·cm²)。     

NaY9(SiO4)6O2: Bi3+,Eu3+荧光材料的合成及温敏特性

为寻找高性能荧光温敏探针材料,用荧光强度比率法,对NaY_9-x-y(SiO₄)₆O₂:xBi³⁺,yEu³⁺荧光粉体的温敏特性进行了研究.结果表明:该材料中存在Bi³⁺→ Eu³⁺的高效能量传递,单一波段激发Bi³⁺发光离子,可获得Bi³⁺和Eu³⁺的双发射荧光光谱;温度升高时,Eu³⁺发射光谱的猝灭速率比Bi³⁺缓慢;根据不同温度下2种发光光谱强度的比值,获得了NaY_6.192(SiO₄)₆O₂:0.108Bi³⁺,2.7Eu³⁺在300~450 K最高相对灵敏度为1.51 %·K^-1,大大优于可实用温敏材料的相对灵敏度数值(0.3 %·K^-1),该材料具有较大的实际应用前景.     

SiO2包覆对爆炸喷涂自敏涂层发光和摩擦性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在铝酸锶荧光粉表面包覆SiO₂层,以45号钢为基体,采用爆炸喷涂技术制备不同SiO₂包覆质量分数下的SrAl₂O₄∶Eu²⁺, Dy³⁺/Cu-14Al-X自敏复合涂层.对比研究了不同包覆质量分数下铝酸锶粉末与自敏涂层的发射光谱和余辉衰减曲线,复合涂层的摩擦系数与磨损量以及SiO₂包覆质量分数对自敏涂层的发光性能和摩擦学行为的影响.结果表明:SiO₂包覆使得铝酸锶在爆炸喷涂制备过程中得到了保护,提高了涂层的发光性能.随着SiO₂包覆质量分数的增加,复合涂层结构致密度、硬度和耐磨性提高.20%包覆质量分数下铝酸锶粉末硬度为564.5HV,比未包覆铝酸锶粉末的涂层提高了38%.由于破碎后的SiO₂包覆层具有自润滑效果,包覆后复合涂层的摩擦系数相对稳定,15%SiO₂包覆质量分数下复合涂层摩擦系数为0.182,具有最优的摩擦性能.     

涂层法制备超疏水表面及在油水分离中的应用

采用涂层法,以含硅聚四氟乙烯为成膜物质,以疏水纳米SiO2为填料,成功制备出含有微/纳米复合结构的超疏水表面.系统研究了疏水纳米SiO2和低表面能物质的含量与涂层表面水接触角的关系.采用接触角测量仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别对涂层的水接触角和表面形貌进行表征,根据国家标准分别对涂层厚度、硬度和结合力进行测试.在最佳制备条件下,该超疏水涂层水接触角153.5°,涂层厚度22μm,涂层硬度4H,结合力1级.该超疏水涂层具有自清洁及良好的油水分离性能.     

改性氧化石墨烯/二氧化硅/环氧树脂复合涂料的制备及性能研究

采用超声搅拌法制备A-GO/SiO₂/EP复合涂料，分别对A-GO与SiO₂的适宜比例(m(A-GO)∶m(SiO₂))进行研究并进行力学性能测试，通过电化学相关试验评价A-GO/SiO₂对涂层防腐性能的影响.     

以双硅源为前驱体调控制备SiO2杂化膜及其脱盐性能

该文以3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和1,2-双(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷(BTESE)为硅源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO₂杂化膜.探究了物质的量比例n(APTES):n(BTESE)对SiO₂杂化膜的结构及其脱盐性能的影响.XRD、TEM等表征结果表明:在APTES与BTESE发生水解共缩合反应时SiO₂膜仍是非晶态结构,其结构没有发生变化.在30 ℃下、质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中,当n(APTES):n(BTESE)=5:95时,优化制备的SiO₂杂化膜的水通量为15.6 kg·m^-2·h^-1,盐截留率接近100%.     

海陆风环流和城市热岛环流相互作用及其对空气污染的影响

沿海城市的PM_2.5和臭氧除受排放源、天气条件影响以外，还往往同时受城市热岛环流和海陆风环流的双重影响.利用2015年杭州市气象和环境监测数据以及数值模式RBLM-Chem，分析研究了杭州市在陆风天气、海风天气和海陆风三种环流条件下污染物浓度特征及城市效应对其的影响.得到了以下主要结论：海风使杭州市污染物浓度增大，在观测数据中PM_2.5浓度和臭氧浓度分别最大增高了10.9μg·m^-3和12.0μg·m^-3，在模拟结果中相比于陆风天气型，海陆风天气型的PM_2.5浓度和臭氧浓度分别增大13.1μg·m^-3和18.9μg·m^-3；相比于海风天气型，海陆风天气型的PM_2.5浓度和臭氧浓度分别减小24.1μg·m^-3和11.6μg·m^-3.城市效应导致杭州市边界层高度增加63.8 m，地面风速减小0.99 m·s^-1，地面气温增高1.14℃，PM_2...     

熔盐电解二氧化硅制备低硼磷铝硅合金

分别采用高纯石墨和Fe-Ni合金为阳极,在960℃的冰晶石熔盐中电解SiO₂制备低硼磷铝硅合金,研究电流密度和SiO₂添加量对电流效率、阴极产物成分和B,P杂质含量的影响规律,并利用XRD和SEM表征阴极产物的物相组成和微观形貌.结果表明,以石墨为阳极时,当电流密度从0.5A/cm²增大到0.9A/cm²时,阴极产物中w［Si］从0.75%增大到15.17%,电流效率从2.58%增大到38.06%;B和P的最低质量分数分别为3×10^-6和7×10^-6.以Fe-Ni合金为阳极时,当SiO₂添加量从2%增大到6%时,阴极产物中w［Si］从3.19%增大到19.86%,电流效率从12.43%增大到70.48%;B和P的最低质量分数分别为6×10^-6和11×10^-6;阴极产物的物相组成为铝、硅和铝硅合金.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-