培养条件下生物炭对红壤菜地土氨挥发和土壤性质的影响

本研究以南方酸性红壤菜地为供试土壤,利用密闭法室内培养模拟,研究了生物炭单独添加（B处理）或与尿素同时添加（BN处理）对土壤氨挥发、土壤化学性质和酶活性的影响.结果表明:与 CK 相比,生物炭单独添加处理（B）氨挥发量显著增加,如果同时添加尿素（BN）则氨挥发量更高.单独添加生物炭后,土壤pH值、EC值、CEC值以及脲酶活性和蛋白酶活性显著增加,但除CEC值外,其余指标B处理和BN处理间没有差异.相关分析表明,氨挥发与土壤pH值、EC值、脲酶活性存在显著正相关,与CEC值存在极显著正相关,与蛋白酶活性相关性不显著.在酸性土壤中施用生物炭要考虑氨挥发引起的氮素损失问题.     

林木饲料的开发生产

1松针饲料添加剂的生产松针饲料添加剂,又称松外粉饲料,是一种富含维生素和微量元素的畜禽补充饲料。特级品中含胡萝卜素90ghe以上,含微量元素有锌、硒、铁、锰、铜、钻、钢等,钙和磷的含量也较高,并含有畜禽需要的绝大部分的氨基酸。因此制成配合饲料用以喂养畜禽,具有抗疾病、增重快、产蛋产奶多的作用。一般在猪饲料中添加25％～4．5％的松针粉,增重率能提高15％～40％,并提高瘦肉率;在蛋鸡饲料中添加5％松外粉,产蛋率可提高13％以上;在奶牛饲料中添加Ic％松针粉,产奶量可提高4．5％～74％。此饲料是由松林抚育和采伐时产生…     

碳酸氢铵施入土壤后挥发特性的进一步观察

本文通过观察一些条件对铵态氮肥挥发的影响得出:在土壤的各种物理化学因素的综合影响中,土壤质地对碳酸氢铵的挥发影响更大;而硫酸铵的挥发则主要受土壤pH值的影响;施肥后立即浇水或旋耕,以及地面覆盖生长作物均可减少挥发量。根据模拟试验估计麦田春季追施铵态氮肥后,大约要挥发13-15％以上的氮素。     

银川市畜禽粪尿养分资源及其污染潜力分析

为了解银川市畜禽养殖污染情况,根据统计资料和文献数据,在确定计算参数和计算方法后,分析计算银川市畜禽粪尿中铜、锌、总氮、总磷、化学需氧量及氨氮的产生量,同时对氮、磷耕地负荷能力进行分析,从而评估银川市畜禽粪尿污染潜力风险.结果表明,2013年银川市畜禽粪尿中总氮、总磷、铜、锌、化学需氧量和氨氮的产生量分别为15 600,1 690,20,43.2,282 000和1 810t,各畜禽粪尿总量为2.51×106 t.银川市畜禽粪便负荷量承受程度的警报值R=0.53,畜禽粪尿的耕地承载量为15.77t/hm2,单位耕地粪尿中氮的承载量为94.28kg/hm2,单位耕地粪尿中磷的承载量为10.21kg/hm2.     

含钼氧化物对碳烟和NOx的催化去除特性

通过在MoO3上添加不同金属氧化物,制备了一系列含低熔点物质的催化剂．利用程序升温控制反应（TPR）,探讨了紧接触、松接触不同条件下活性组分和载体对碳烟的催化氧化及NOx还原活性的影响,分析讨论了碳烟和NOx同时催化去除机理．实验结果表明,添加K和某些金属氧化物能改善碳烟和催化剂的接触,提高催化活性．NiO的添加使得NOx转换效率达到最高（38％）,CuO的添加使得碳烟的起燃温度最低,不同载体的催化活性顺序为TiO2〉SiO2〉ZrO2〉Nb2O5〉Al2O3．     

应十分重视生物肥料的开发及应用

“庄稼一枝花,全靠肥当家”。传统农业依靠农家肥,而现代农业更多地依赖化肥。一个世纪以来,随着化肥工业的兴起和发展、农田化肥施用量的增加,农作物的产量有了很大增长。毫无疑问,化肥为人类作出了巨大的贡献。但是,化肥有很多副作用。在目前的施肥技术和水平下,施入农田的化学肥料的作物利用率通常仅为30～50％。其中旱地损失量在33～73％,水田损失量在35～62％。据全国试验数据估计,化肥通过挥发损失约20％,淋浴损失约IO％,反硝化肥氮损失15％,地面经流、冲刷损失15％,总计损     

安徽省近五年畜禽粪尿土地承载力时空变化特征

为了解安徽省畜禽养殖的动态变化及环境风险,为农业产业结构调整提供参考,以《畜禽养殖业源产排污系数手册》中的相关参数为基础,采用2015—2019年安徽省及地方统计年鉴数据,测算了安徽省各地市畜禽粪尿和氮磷总量以及耕地负荷,评估了近5年安徽省畜禽养殖污染的环境风险,并估算了各地市畜禽养殖发展潜力.结果表明:(1)安徽省畜禽养殖总体平稳,2014—2017年全省畜禽粪尿总量分别为4182.59、4226.62、4216.65、4224.14万吨,但2018年安徽省畜禽养殖规模大幅降低,畜禽粪尿产量较上一年大幅减少了31.58％,且各地市间差异较大,总体为皖南地区少皖北地区多.(2)安徽省畜禽养殖污染物耕地负荷总体上处于较低水平,畜禽粪尿氮、磷产量与作物生长对粪肥氮、磷需求量的比值均在0.5以下,表明安徽省畜禽养殖规模仍有较大的发展空间,尤其是淮北、马鞍山、芜湖、铜陵等地.(3)各地市间畜禽粪尿、氮、磷耕地负荷差异均较大,2014年黄山市粪污负荷、氮磷负荷均最高,马鞍山市均最低,但到2018年时为阜阳市粪污、氮、磷负荷最高,芜湖均最低.(4)2018末,安徽省畜禽养殖发展潜力为5014.79万头猪单位,但地区间的分布极不均衡,亳州、阜阳、宿州和滁州市是区内畜禽养殖进一步扩容的主体,而铜陵、池州和黄山市的发展潜力较低.     

玉米不同时期氮素分配对产量的影响

通过玉米不同时期氮素分配对总产量影响的研究，结果表明，氮素分次施用比集中施用效果好，可提高氮素利用率3．6～10．8％，提高玉米产量4．8—14．4％。氮素的分配与玉米生育进程密切相关，施足穗肥是玉米获得高产的关键，氮素分配以基肥25％，拔节肥25％，穗肥50％效果最好，氮素利用率达39．7％，玉米产量达单产538．1kg／667m^2。     

山西省粪尿氮、磷耕地负荷空间分布特征研究

为揭示山西省县域畜禽粪尿养分的耕地负荷分布特征,基于统计年鉴数据,以山西省各县区为研究对象,根据欧洲有机粪肥的施用标准及中国平均水平,分别计算了山西省各县畜禽粪尿氮、磷的耕地负荷,并研究了其空间分布特征,为优化山西畜禽养殖业发展空间布局、实现畜禽粪尿养分资源的高效利用提供科学参考。     

温性荒漠草原不同功能型草本植物对氮沉降的响应

采用野外人工外源施加氮素模拟氮沉降的方式,设置0、1.75、3.50、7.00、14.00 g/m~2 5个氮素添加水平,研究荒漠化草原不同功能型草本植物的多样性、生产力及养分质量分数对氮素的响应.结果表明:一年生草本植物(AS)的丰富度、多度和生物量均在低的氮素添加水平下显著高于对照,而高的氮素添加水平对AS的影响则不显著.多年生禾本科(PG)和非禾本科(PF)植物的丰富度、多度和生物量均随着氮素添加水平的增大而逐渐下降,其中高氮水平对PG和PF的抑制作用最显著.AS根部和地上部的氮素质量分数在所有氮素添加水平下均显著高于不添加氮素的对照;PG和PF根部和地上部的氮素质量分数对外源氮素添加的响应一致,即根部的氮素质量分数均是在7.00、14.00 g/m~2的添加水平下显著高于对照,地上部的氮素质量分数均是在14.00 g/m~2的添加水平下显著高于对照.在极端干旱和氮素水平低下的荒漠化草原,氮沉降增加对草本植物群落物种多样性和生产力的影响存在种间差异,其中PG和PF有更强的缓冲能力,而.AS则表现出了更强的适应和利用能力.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.