三峡水库重庆河段平面二维水沙数值模拟

针对长江重庆河段复杂的水沙运动特点和地形条件,考虑悬移质和推移质运动,采用有限体积方法建立了平面二维非恒定水沙数学模型,对重庆河段的水流运动和泥沙冲淤进行了模拟.模型中针对长江河道的实际情况,采用李义天提出的分组挟沙力级配计算方法以及床沙质范围界定方法,对现有三峡库区数学模型进行了改进,并利用重庆河段原型观测资料对模型进行了验证.结果表明,模型计算的沿程水位、断面流速分布和河床冲淤变化与资料符合较好,此模型可以用于重庆河道的水沙变化问题研究.     

三峡水库重庆河段平面二维水沙数值模拟

本文针对长江重庆河段复杂的水沙运动特点和地形条件,考虑悬移质和推移质运动,采用有限体积方法建立了平面二维非恒定水沙数学模型,对重庆河段的水流运动和泥沙冲淤进行了模拟。模型中针对长江河道的实际情况,采用李义天提出的分组挟沙力级配计算方法以及床沙质范围界定方法,对现有三峡库区数学模型进行了改进,并利用重庆河段原型观测资料对模型进行了验证。结果表明,模型计算的沿程水位、断面流速分布和河床冲淤变化与资料符合较好,此模型可以用于重庆河道的水沙变化问题研究。     

河口推移质水道冲淤计算公式

在珠江三角洲横门出海水道的整治工程研究中，引进了一种计算以推移质造床为主的水道冲刷深度的方法，针对推移质造床的水流、泥沙特点，将推移质看作接近床面运动的浓度较高的悬移质来处理，并引进一综合参数来校正将推移质作为悬移质近似处理时造成的与实际情况的差异，通过物理模型实验的实测值得率定该参数。研究结果表明，该计算方法较好地反映了推移质引起的冲淤情况，较为准确地计算和模拟了推移质河床的冲淤数量与冲淤过程。     

坝下河段悬移质和推移质沿程冲刷过程研究

通过三门峡水库、丹江口水库和三峡水库坝下河段水文泥沙实测资料,研究了坝下悬移质沿程恢复的一般规律,结果表明:含沙量和悬移质中值粒径沿程先增长后减小,两者峰值均随冲刷时间发展而向下游移动;含沙量恢复距离与流量大小正相关,与床沙补给粒径反相关,大流量恢复距离长,小流量恢复距离短,粗沙恢复距离长,细沙恢复距离短;河床冲刷由含沙量恢复特性决定,粗细颗粒泥沙均在恢复过程中则河床粗细均冲,粗颗粒已恢复而细颗粒仍在恢复过程时河床淤粗冲细.开展了清水冲刷水槽试验,研究了坝下推移质在冲刷中的贡献和级配调整特点,主要结论如下:当床沙初始可悬百分数小于40%,河床以推移质冲刷为主,相反则以悬移质冲刷为主;推移质级配随冲刷历时粒径先增粗再变细最后趋于稳定.     

珠江三角洲八塘尾潮汐河段动床模型设计

根据八塘尾碍航浅滩位于潮汐河口段以及河床淤积既有推移质又有悬移质泥沙的特点,模型设计从不稳定流的水流运动方程和连续方程,悬沙和底沙运动方程以及河床变形方程出发,考虑河床泥沙的起动,沉降和含沙量的相似条件,导出了潮汐河口悬沙和底沙冲淤模型试验相似律。试验中,潮汐放水过程按冲淤时间比尺控制,单潮周期按水流时间比尺控制,以保证水流运动相似。验证试验表明,模型设计、模型沙选择及时间比尺处理是合理的。     

考虑悬移质效应的桥墩动床冲刷精细化分析方法

基于欧拉流固两相流理论并考虑悬移质效应进行桥墩动床冲刷精细化分析.针对动床冲刷与清水冲刷的主要区别,采用不平衡输沙法建立床面变形方程,考虑悬移质与推移质质量交换从而间接影响床面变形.通过对计算流体力学(CFD)软件ANSYS Fluent二次开发,利用床底切应力以及底面网格泥沙浓度分别计算推移质输沙率以及悬移质与推移质的交换通量,由此得到床底网格瞬时变化值,从而实现边界网格的动态更新,以此进行桥墩周围河床动床冲刷过程的动态模拟.通过将数值计算结果与经典理论分析及部分试验结果进行对比,在悬移质分布、局部冲刷深度以及冲刷坑形态等方面充分验证所提出动床冲刷计算方法的合理性与准确性.最后通过参数分析证明了悬移质浓度会明显影响动床冲刷的深度与形态,得出了选择动床冲刷模型并采用流固两相流进行桥墩冲刷精细化分析具有显著必要性的结论.     

对漏斗式全沙排沙工程技术考察报告

巴音郭楞蒙古自治州的河流多为山溪性河流,洪水期水流中泥沙含量高,有的河流推移质较多,大量的推移质和悬移质给引水渠首和输水干渠带来了严重的危害。为了解决河渠的泥沙灾害,我州水利工作者参考国外的防沙技术,先后对一些河流的引水渠首设施建设了多种形式的防沙设施,如底栏栅、曲线型沉沙池、厢型沉沙池等,     

双流体模型在高浓度含沙水流模拟中的应用

在水利水电工程中, 泥沙经常会带来负面影响, 需采用合适的研究方法来分析泥沙运动规律. 针对高浓度水沙流动的特殊性, 选择双流体模型统一描述悬移质和推移质泥沙的运动. 该模型不仅考虑了水沙两相之间的相互作用, 同时考虑了颗粒之间的相互作用及两相体积分数的脉动效应. 以Coleman 实验结果为参考, 验证了模型的可靠性. 最后使用模型预测了某引水式电站沉沙池泥沙的沉降情况.     

悬移相似条件对河床变形相似的影响研究

通过渭河咸阳城区段模型试验论证，分别研究了目前常用的两种悬移相似条件对河床冲淤变形的影响，试验结果表明：应以同时考虑紊动扩散及水流纵向流动对悬移质运动影响的沉速比尺，作为泥沙动床模型悬移相似条件，即只有依此确定模型悬移质泥沙粗度时，才能使河床冲淤变形与原型相似。     

利用沙波运动估算推移质输沙率的误差分析

通过沙波运动估算推移质输沙率的方程分析,论证误差的主要来源不是推移质泥沙和悬移质泥沙之间的交换,而是由波谷附近涡流区的逆向推移造成的。涡流区的长度决定着误差的大小和正负。因此误差的大小和沉积物粒度没有直接的关系,但是和流速有关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-