356铝合金液相线半连续铸造组织的研究

研究了液相线半连续铸造条件对356铝合金组织的影响·结果表明,合金熔体在常规铸造温度(720℃)下浇注获得的锭坯边部和中心部位的组织都是粗大的枝晶,极不均匀;在略高于液相线温度(625℃)保温30min后的铸造组织边部是细小枝晶组织,中心部位是均匀的近球形晶粒组织;在液相线温度(615℃)保温后进行半连续铸造获得的锭坯中心和边部组织均是均匀、细小的近球形组织,晶粒的平均等积圆直径为25～35μm,平均圆度为1.75～2·另外,一次冷却强度的降低、二次冷却强度的增大和铸造速度的减小有利于均匀、细小的近球形组织的形成·     

7075铝合金液相线铸造过程中的形核

研究了7075铝合金在液相线及液相线温度附近等温形核过程和组织变化情况·在液相线温度以上(645℃),熔体激冷形核数量相对较少,晶粒较大,单位面积晶粒数较少且基本不随保温时间变化;在逼近液相线温度(632℃),熔体大量形核,晶粒细小球化,单位面积晶粒数较多,随保温时间先增加后减少,在30min左右达到最大值;在液相线温度以下(615℃),熔体形核数量多,但部分合并长大,细小的晶粒中伴随着一些粗大晶粒,单位面积晶粒数较少,随保温时间先增加后减少,在30min左右达到最大值·结果表明,在逼近液相线温度(632℃)下形核保温30m...     

电磁场作用中近液相线铸造ZL201合金的组织及其机理

以ZL201合金为研究对象,采用降低浇铸温度同时施加电磁场的模铸工艺,研究了ZL201合金的凝固组织及组织细化机理.结果表明:在液相线温度附近施加电磁场,合金组织为均匀、细小非枝晶组织;随着电流增大和冷却增强,组织细小、均匀的趋势增强;低过热度浇铸时,临界晶核半径减小,此时在电磁场作用下,熔体的温度梯度降低,促进了准固相原子团簇在熔体中的形成,形核率增大,组织细小、均匀.凝固初期,由于电磁场作用使溶质分布均匀,熔体中晶核向各方向的长大速率趋于一致,晶粒以近球形长大.     

稀土镁合金近非平衡液相线铸造研究

近非平衡液相线铸造方法是测量熔体非平衡凝固过程的冷却曲线,确定其非平衡液相线温度,并在此温度附近进行铸造的工艺方法,为实质意义上的近液相线铸造.采用该方法对ZK60稀土系列镁合金进行了研究,结果表明,近非平衡液相线铸造工艺可获得细小均匀的非枝晶结构,是镁合金半固态制浆的有效方法;不同合金元素对以ZK60为基体的合金的非平衡液相线和近液相线铸造组织都有明显影响,Ag,Y,Nd等元素有利于避免浆料中晶内液相的出现,其中混合稀土最有利于初生晶粒的圆整化,而Nd则造成初生晶粒的不均匀,Ag和Y的添加尽管初生晶粒圆整程度不如Nd,但有较均匀的晶粒和较好的枝晶退化效果.     

A356合金近液相线法铸造坯料及重熔加热组织研究

采用近液相线半连续铸造法制备了A356铝合金半固态坯料,并利用电阻炉加热,采用电子显微镜研究了近液相线铸造A356铝合金在二次加热过程中的组织演变.结果表明:A356铝合金半固态坯料组织呈均匀、细小的蔷薇状分布;在585℃加热,保温10~15 min,可获得半固态加工所需的触变性组织.而且,保温温度和保温时间共同影响着二次加热组织的演变过程.随着加热温度的升高,α相的生长和球化的速度变快,保温时间越长,晶粒球化度越高.     

镁合金半固态制浆新工艺

研究了AZ91D镁合金在不同浇铸温度下组织的对比,以及稍低于液相线的近液相线铸造时静置时间和不同冷却能力铸模对铸态组织形貌的影响·结果表明,浇铸温度高于液相线时,降低浇铸温度有利于减轻镁合金的组织疏松,但组织粗大,此趋势持续到液相线上沿;而在稍低于液相线浇铸时,组织明显细化,有蔷薇化趋势,不再有高于液相线铸造时的显微气孔·在稍低于液相线温度时,适当静置有利于组织细化,一定程度上的枝晶熔断促进了蔷薇化,但不显著,静置时间过长,晶粒又有长大趋势,且出现个别异常长大枝晶·冷却速率对铸造组织的影响与静置时间有相近规律     

AZ91D镁合金组织细化及其对部分重熔半固态组织的影响

通过对熔体进行高强度剪切处理,研究了其对AZ91D镁合金的组织细化作用,获得了不同的铸锭组织,并研究了铸锭初始组织对二次加热后组织的影响.结果表明,熔体高强度剪切处理具有显著的晶粒细化作用,在650℃对熔体高强度剪切处理后,AZ91D镁合金铸锭平均晶粒尺寸由500μm降到170μm.降低熔体处理温度至605℃,组织得到进一步细化,平均晶粒尺寸约为60μm.原始组织大小对二次加热后组织的大小、液相分布具有重要的影响.熔体高强度剪切处理对AZ91D镁合金铸锭的晶粒细化作用在二次加热后能够基本保留下来.在相同的加热条件下,均匀细小的原始组织有利于获得更高的有效液相分数和更趋于球形的晶粒组织.     

电磁场作用下半固态ZL201合金显微组织特征

利用电磁场对合金熔体的搅拌或振荡作用,研究了交流电磁场作用下的ZL201铝合金半固态流变浆料组织·结果表明,交流电磁场对ZL201铝合金显微组织有显著的细化作用,在液相线温度(650℃)附近,电磁场作用下的流变浆料组织为细小的近球形晶粒,优于不加电磁场的浆料组织,适用于半固态成形·交流电磁场所引起的熔体强制对流,使处于强烈温度起伏条件下的初生枝晶二次臂机械断裂或根部熔断,这是结晶核心增加,组织细化的原因·     

压缩变形及退火对纯铜组织及性能的影响

借助扫描电子显微镜和显微硬度计等手段,研究了压缩变形与退火工艺对纯铜组织和性能的影响,获得了不同变形程度纯铜在不同退火条件下的组织演变和性能变化规律.研究结果表明:晶粒粗大的工业纯铜经室温压缩变形+退火可获得晶粒细小的组织.对于冷变形程度为40％的纯铜,最佳退火工艺为450℃×15 min;对于冷变形程度为80％的纯铜,最佳退火工艺为350℃×15 min,继续升高退火温度和延长保温时间都会使再结晶晶粒不断长大.与冷变形程度40％的纯铜试样相比,冷变形程度80％的纯铜试样退火后晶粒更细小.在本试验条件下,随着退火温度的升高和保温时间的延长,试样硬度总体呈下降趋势.纯铜的平均晶粒尺寸可以由铸态的150μm细化到12.15μm.     

基于实验与3D-CAFé法的高硅钢铸锭凝固行为

通过空冷和水冷实验研究了高硅钢的铸态组织,发现高硅钢铸态组织主要由粗大的柱状晶构成,水冷铸锭中柱状晶比例高达90%以上.依据铸锭的化学成分和晶粒统计结果,确定了3D-CAFE法模拟所需的枝晶生长动力学系数及高斯分布等参数.采用CAFE法对不同冷却条件下高硅钢的凝固过程进行模拟研究,发现空冷铸锭较水冷铸锭的温度场更均匀,糊状区更宽阔;空冷铸锭呈"过渡式"凝固,水冷铸锭呈"分层式"凝固;空冷流场较水冷流场更稳定,凝固末期冒口处出现明显的抽吸现象,而水冷模拟结果中未观察到该现象.组织模拟结果发现,模拟得到的高硅钢凝固组织无论是形貌还是晶粒尺寸都与实验结果相一致;最后通过改变浇注温度模拟研究了过热度对高硅钢凝固组织的影响,结果表明,随着过热度的降低,铸锭中心等轴晶率提高,晶粒数量增加,晶粒尺寸变得细小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.