碳纳米管负载Ni催化剂制备碳纳米管的研究

将硝酸回流预处理过的碳纳米管载体直接浸入镀Ni溶液中,通过化学镀在其表面上沉积出Ni纳米颗粒,并将所制备的Ni/CNTs催化剂用于制备新的高纯度碳纳米管.实验结果表明,碳纳米管载体的酸预处理时间对Ni/CNTs催化剂在碳纳米管制备过程中的催化性能有很大的影响,从而影响所制备的碳纳米管的形态.当碳纳米管载体在稀硝酸中回流预处理0.5 h后,所对应的Ni/CNTs催化剂催化制备的碳纳米管存在严重的缺陷,其主要结构为竹节状和鱼骨型,同时部分碳纳米管在生长过程中分叉,成Y形结构;当碳纳米管载体经稀硝酸回流预处理6 h后,其对应的Ni/CNTs催化剂催化生长的碳纳米管粉体中,碳纳米管的形态均匀,中空,无任何隔膜,因此碳纳米管载体较长时间的酸回流预处理对催化剂的性能有明显的改善.而且相比纯的纳米Ni,Co以及Ni/SiQ2催化剂,Ni/CNTs催化剂在碳纳米管的制备过程中,具有更高的催化活性.     

Zn2+/纳米二硫化钼插层复合物制备及其光催化性能研究

为了提高二硫化钼光催化性能,通过剥离-插层-重堆积法制备了Zn2+/纳米二硫化钼插层复合催化剂.采用XRD、SEM及UV对样品进行表征,并研究了复合催化剂在太阳光下催化降解甲基橙的性能.结果表明,制备的复合催化剂晶型良好,层间距增大为4.3934nm,粒径增大为13.1nm,并出现新的插层特征峰(001);Zn2+颗粒非均匀的负载在二硫化钼纳米片的表面,且主要分布于片层较小区域;对紫外-可见光有明显的吸收,且吸收强度于二硫化钼粉体;同时复合催化剂在太阳光下对甲基橙的催化降解性能从一开始就远高于纳米MoS2粉体,且降解效率成线性关系,并在6h时的降解效率达到70.435%.     

Nd3+修饰纳米TiO2-CNTs-PtNi复合催化剂的制备及电化学性能

采用电合成前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解法和电化学扫描电沉积法及物理吸附的方法制备了稀土金属离子Nd3+修饰的NanoTiO2-CNTs-PtNi复合纳米催化剂,通过计时电流和CV研究,结果表明Nd3+修饰的NanoTiO2一CNTs-PtNi的电极对甲醇电氧化的峰电位进一步负移约30mV,氧化峰电流增大,表明Nd3+的加入对甲醇的电催化氧化有一定的协同催化作用,这种作用导致CO在复合催化剂上的弱吸附,从而避免了催化剂的中毒.同时提出其可能的形成机理.     

高比表面ZrO_2负载的钴基费-托合成催化剂结构和催化性能

通过碱液回流老化法制备出了2种高比表面积的ZrO_2载体(ZrO_2-NaOH、ZrO_2-NH_4OH),采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出2种ZrO_2-SiO_2复合载体(ZS-1、ZS-2),并将其负载钴制备出了负载量为10%(质量分数,ω)钴基费-托合成催化剂(Co/ZrO_2-NaOH、Co/ZrO_2-NH_4OH、Co/ZS-1和Co/ZS-2).采用N_2吸附-脱附、X-射线衍射、程序升温还原和程序升温脱附、氧滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征,催化剂活性测试在微型固定床反应器上进行.结果表明:碱液回流老化后可显著提高ZrO_2的比表面积和热稳定性,NH_4OH回流制得的ZrO_2载体平均孔径比NaOH回流的ZrO_2载体大.由其制得的钴基催化剂费-托合成活性最高,证明载体的孔结构显著影响催化剂的反应性能.复合载体制备的钴催化剂10Co/ZS-1、10Co/ZS-2展示较低的CO_2、CH_4选择性和较高的C_(5+)选择性.     

MXenes电催化析氢的研究进展

面向“碳达峰”“碳中和”国家重大战略,氢能作为一种能量密度高、无污染的绿色能源,将成为我国乃至世界未来能源战略领域发展的重中之重.电解水制氢由于其制备方法简单、制氢纯度高、制备过程无污染等优势而备受关注,但是该方法存在一个严重的缺陷,就是缺乏低成本、高效率析氢反应(HER)催化剂.MXenes是一种新兴的二维(2D)过渡金属碳化物、氮化物和碳氮化物,由于其具有极好的导电性、良好的亲水性、极大的比表面积、可调节的分子结构及多样的化学组成等优势,在析氢催化剂领域存在着潜在的巨大应用.该文总结了 MXenes制备、MXenes基电催化析氢性能调控策略及利用机器学习设计MXenes基析氢电催化剂面临的挑战和新的机遇.该文为今后开发新型高效的MXenes基析氢电催化剂,推动氢能的绿色制备提供了参考.     

时效状态对Cu-Cr-Zr系合金性能的影响

采用不同时效状态和随后形变热处理工艺制备了Cu-Cr-Zr系合金,采用微观组织观察、硬度和导电率测试等手段研究了不同时效状态对双级时效Cu-Cr-Zr系合金性能的影响.结果表明：欠时效+冷轧+时效工艺和峰时效+冷轧+时效工艺制备的Cu-Cr-Zr-Mg-Si和Cu-Cr-Zr-Ni-Si合金均可获得力学性能和电学性能的优良组合.其中：欠时效+冷轧+时效工艺所制备的合金综合性能更优,但加工热处理过程中性能变化剧烈,材料生产过程中性能均匀性不易控制;峰时效+冷轧+时效工艺制备的合金综合性能极其稳定,易于在生产中控制.不同工艺下的合金性能差异是由析出相与位错的交互作用机制不同造成的.     

荧光性CdTe量子点自组装膜的合成及对Cu~(2+)的界面传感

以巯基乙酸为稳定剂,直接在水相中合成CdTe量子点,同时以石英片为基底,制备荧光性CdTe量子点自组装膜(SAMs),并建立一种新的传感分析方法.通过合成条件的优化,得到荧光峰形对称、半峰宽窄、强度高的CdTe量子点;巯基乙酸(TGA)稳定的CdTe量子点回流2～4 h,可得到最好的荧光性能;由光漂白实验得出,TGA稳定的CdTe量子点的稳定性很好.实验结果表明,Quartz/APES/CdTe量子点自组装膜的荧光强度随着Cu2+浓度增大而增强,且在一定浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,其相关系数为0.999 97,检测限为1.33 nmol·L-1,可实现对痕量Cu2+的定量测定.     

湿化学方法制备Gd2O3:Eu3+红色荧光粉

利用常用的3种湿化学方法(溶胶-凝胶法、共沉淀法和水热法),分别制备了Gd2O3∶Eu3+红色荧光粉体,并对它们的结构、形貌以及发光性能进行了分析和比较.XRD分析表明,3种湿化学方法制备的Gd2O3∶Eu3+粉体均属立方晶系.荧光光谱分析表明,3种湿化学方法所制备的荧光粉体的最强激发峰都位于256 nm附近,最强发射...     

微乳化法制备Ni/Al2O3催化剂及其在甲烷部分氧化反应中的高温稳定性和抗积炭性能

用传统的浸渍法,溶胶-凝胶法和微乳化法三种不同的方法制备均含Ni/Al2O3(w(Ni)=10%)催化剂(分别简称为IMP,Sol-gel,ME). 利用比表面测定(BET)、原位X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段研究这三种方法制备的催化剂的不同之处. 在常压下,固定床反应器中评价了三种催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应的催化性能,发现三种催化剂的反应活性相当,但抗积炭性能却有明显不同. 其中ME催化剂抗积炭性能最好. 在温度为923 K,x(O2)/x(CH4)=0.53的条件下,ME催化剂反应20 h没检测出积炭生成,而反应5 h后,Sol-gel催化剂有少量积炭生成,平均积炭率为0.002 g*g-1*h-1,而IMP催化剂有大量积炭生成,平均积炭率为0.085 g*g-1*h-1. ME催化剂具有较大的比表面,较小的Ni颗粒且Ni与Al2O3之间有强烈的相互作用,这是微乳化法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂具有良好的抗积炭性能的重要原因.     

微波对制备异丁烷脱氢流化床催化剂的结构及组成影响研究

采用微波技术制备并表征Cr-K/γ-Al2O3流化床催化剂,评价其催化异丁烷脱氢制异丁烯的性能,分析催化剂结构与催化性能的关系和微波作用机制。结果表明:与传统法制备的催化剂相比,微波制备法降低了催化剂中活性组分的晶粒度,活性组分的分散度增加;微波法制备的催化剂部分活性Cr6+物种占据了氧化铝载体表面及内部四配位体附近的空穴,可形成稳定的—Al—O—Cr—O—Al—结构;微波法制备的催化剂中,单个Cr6+物种及低聚体的Cr6+物种多于传统制备的催化剂,而这两种活性铬物种在异丁烷催化脱氢反应中起着非常重要的作用;采用微波技术可缩短催化剂制备时间,提高其活性、稳定性和耐磨性,延长催化剂寿命。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-