城市绿地对空气负离子的影响

为研究城市绿地对空气负离子的影响,在南昌市选择有典型特征的城市绿地,对其在不同环境状况下的空气正、负离子浓度进行监测.结果表明:1)城市绿地能有效的提高空气负离子数量;2)乔、灌、草3种不同类型的绿地中,乔木林片对提高空气负离子浓度和改善空气质量的作用最为显著;3)在城市环境下,不同林分结构类型的乔木片林对空气负离子水平以及空气质量评价指数的影响差异不显著;4)天气条件对绿地的空气负离子水平存在显著的影响;5)喷泉对空气负离子有显著的影响.     

六种城市绿地内夏季空气负离子与颗粒物

为合理规划城市绿地、有益于人们户外活动,研究了6种类型城市绿地空气负离子和颗粒物浓度的日变化、空气质量的差异,分析了负离子与不同粒径颗粒物之间的关系。结果表明:空气负离子和颗粒物浓度日变化均较明显;不同类型绿地空气负离子浓度存在显著差异,其浓度从大到小的顺序为阔叶乔草、乔灌草、阔叶乔木、篱草、针叶乔草、草坪;不同类型绿地空气颗粒物浓度没有显著差异。由枝叶茂盛的高大乔木组成的林地,其空气负离子水平和空气质量较好。总体上空气负离子与颗粒物的相关关系不显著,相比之下,空气负离子对细颗粒物的中和能力较强。     

南宁市空气负离子浓度变化初探

利用空气离子自动检测仪,选择2012年3月27～28日和5月2～3日一个时间段,再选择2012年4月18日上午雷雨前后一个时间段对南宁市一小区(经纬度:108°19′13″,22°49′21″)的空气负离子浓度进行测量,探讨南宁市空气负离子浓度日变化及不同天气条件下的变化,同时还测量南宁市10个不同监测点的空气负离子浓度并进行对比,探讨南宁市不同功能区的负离子浓度的差异。结果发现,南宁市空气负离子浓度的变化为夏季测量时间段高于春季测量时间段,夜晚测量时间段低,白天测量时间段高;雷雨后的测量时间段空气负离子浓度和空气质量要好于雷雨前测量时间段,两者差异显著;不同功能区测量时间段内空气负离子浓度差异显著,依次为南宁市远郊风景区>近郊风景区>城市公园>交通干线。     

城市森林结构对空气负离子水平的影响

选择在吉林市具有代表性的城市森林类型作为研究对象，对不同结构类型城市森林中的空气正负离子浓度进行了测定，并对观测数据进行方差分析。结果表明，不同结构城市森林空气负离子水平差异极显，以乔灌草结构的复层林中空气负离子水平最高，空气质量最佳，空气清洁度等级最高，而草坪的各项指标最低，说明高大乔木对提高空气质量起到主导作用。     

城市绿地中空气负离子水平的初步研究

选择吉林市典型城市绿地作为研究对象,进行空气正、负离子浓度测定,对观测数据进行比较分析,旨在找出城市绿地中空气负离子水平的日变化规律,为进一步探讨不同植物对空气负离子水平的影响和植物对空气负离子的影响机制等奠定基础.结果表明:1 d中,城市绿地空气负离子水平有2个高峰,分别出现在清晨和午夜.     

城市绿地植物群落空气负离子浓度及影响要素研究

通过对上海市6种典型城市绿地植物群落夏、秋两季空气负离子浓度的测定,分析了季节因素和群落因素对空气负离子浓度的影响关系,并重点进行了群落因素对空气负离子浓度影响的定量分析研究.研究结果表明:(1) 城市绿地植物群落空气负离子浓度受到季节和群落两个因素的协同作用;(2)城市绿地植物群落夏季的平均负离子浓度高于秋季;(3)...     

鸡公山空气负离子分布规律及其与环境因子的关系

利用空气负离子测定仪对鸡公山不同生境、不同天气条件下的空气负离子分布状况进行连续的定位观测,探讨鸡公山空气负离子浓度的日变化和季节变化规律,并进一步分析空气负离子浓度与气温、空气相对湿度等环境因子之间的关系.研究结果表明:(1)不同生境的空气负离子浓度大小依次为瀑布>溪流>湖泊>阔叶林>针叶林>针阔混交林>灌丛;(2)不同天气条件下空气负离子浓度大小为:雨过天晴>晴天>阴天;(3)空气负离子浓度的日变化规律呈现出先降低再升高的趋势,即早晨最高,中午降至最低,下午又逐渐升高;(4)空气负离子浓度的季节差异显著,夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;(5)空气负离子浓度与气温和空气湿度均呈现出正相关的趋势.     

吉林市圣母洞空气负离子浓度及变化规律

以吉林市圣母洞风景区为测定样点,对6个区域进行了空气负离子水平测定.结果表明:在一段时间观测中,各个样点的空气负离子水平一般在中午前后会出现峰值.各测定样点空气负离子浓度大小顺序为圣母洞>江边>神哲学院>职业病医院>养老院>公路.圣母洞的空气质量最好,其负离子水平的变化幅度远高于其他样点.     

U型路线空气质量定量评价结果的比较与分析——以可逆加成-断裂链转移(RAFT)聚合反应为例

目的 研究不同的数据处理方法对于宝鸡市峪甘路-石陵路空气质量评价结果(CI值)的影响.方法 采用整体平均法和降维法,利用Origin 9.0软件对宝鸡市峪甘路-石陵路空气离子浓度观测结果进行统计分析,比较不同方法对于安培空气质量评价指数(CI值)以及空气质量评价等级的影响.结果 整体平均法和降序降维法计算所得CI值非常接近,而且空气质量清洁度和空气质量分级结果是一致的.但是,时序降维法计算所得CI值普遍偏高.与另外2种数据处理方法相比较,13个观测地点的CI平均值,有11个与整体平均法和降序降维法依据CI值对于空气质量分级结果是一致的,但是有2个观测点的CI计算结果出现差异,即差异率为15%.结论 降序降维法可以作为一种比较理想的空气正、负离子浓度测定结果的处理方法,而且与整体平均法相比较,因为变量少,更便于进行统计分析.     

林芝市主城区典型生态用地空气质量评价

对林芝市主城区典型生态用地空气质量进行评价,以期为其市政规划及旅游发展提供依据.在市区选择典型生态用地,监测其空气正负离子、温湿度及大气颗粒物,采用单因素方差、多重比较及主成分分析等方法,对其空气质量指标的动态变化及综合评价进行研究.结果表明:①不同季节空气负离子含量日变化均呈"单峰"型,峰值出现在14:00左右;不同季节温湿度指数的日变化同空气负离子的日变化一致,夏季全天候均表现为舒适,冬季全天候均表现为寒冷;夏季及秋冬季节颗粒物(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),TSP)日变化分别表现为"线性递减"和"幂函数"型曲线.不同季节颗粒物含量达标率均在50%以上.②空气负离子、温湿度指数季变化从大到小均为:夏季、秋季、冬季,而颗粒物含量季变化从小到大均为:夏季、秋季、冬季;不同季节各生态用地在空气负离子、温湿度指数、颗粒物含量中大小顺序不一.③空气负离子、 PM_(2.5)、 PM_(10)、 TSP、温湿度指数及温度在第一主成分中的载荷系数较大(0.8以上),其对第一主成分的影响较大;绿地、水体空气质量优于湿地和对照点.绿地、水体附近空气质量较好,在市政规划时,应尽可能多地融入绿化和动态水的设计,夏季空气质量优于其他时间,建议市民夏季多多出行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to