三维激光扫描仪在地形测量中的一体化应用

在地形测量一体化中,三维激光扫描技术具有传统测量方法所不具备的优势:无需接触被测地形、高效率、高精度、快速获取高密度的三维点云数据.本文以三维激光扫描仪对四川省汉源县万工集镇的滑坡区进行扫描为例,介绍了三维激光扫描仪在一体化测量中的控制网布设、外业数据采集、内业数据处理、地形图绘制等流程,并分别采用平面误差、高程误差和平面中误差、高程中误差两种方法检查了测图质量.其结果表明,该方法完全可以满足地形测量精度要求.     

地面三维激光扫描仪的测量误差分析

三维激光扫描技术的出现为快速、有效、准确获取三维空间信息提供了全新的技术支持.三维激光扫描仪能够不受白天黑夜的限制,全天侯对任意物体进行扫描并获取高精度的物体表面点的三维信息及反射率信息,从而快速实现物体的三维重建.然而,由于在应用过程中,受到仪器本身技术的限制以及外界的影响,使得外业采集的点云数据的精度受到不同程度的影响,从而使得后续的点云数据处理变得复杂且缓慢,甚至使得最终生成的三维模型与实际物体不一致.主要针对地面三维激光扫描仪在测量过程中存在的测距误差、测角误差以及误差来源进行了详细地分析并构建了点位误差模型,为提高三维激光点云数据处理的效率和精度提供了必要的条件.     

三维激光扫描技术在建筑物建模测量中的应用

三维激光扫描技术是当前空间三维建模领域的一种新技术,其应用领域十分广泛。提出三维激光扫描技术在建筑物模型建设中的应用方法,分别以不同类型的建筑物为例,研究了具体测量方案,并对相关参数设置进行分析。结合三维激光扫描仪的基本工作原理,探讨从数据获取到建模的整个工作流程。     

地面三维激光扫描建模精度研究

历史建筑三维模型重建是当前研究的一个热点.以某优秀历史建筑为例,分别对其进行全站仪CAD建模与地面三维激光扫描建模.首先阐述了两种建模方式的流程,并对不同建模方法进行对比分析,指出两者各自的优缺点;然后通过对两种建模方法得到模型的点位误差、几何体误差、整体模型中误差等不同方面进行分析研究,探讨地面激光扫描仪应用于大型建筑建模中能达到的精度,以及适应的场合.试验结果表明,相对于CAD建模方法,扫描建模方法具有快速、高效,模型精度较高等优点,并保留了建筑物细部特征,但其后期数据处理自动化程度不高.     

基于球面拟合法评定三维激光扫描点云测量精度

利用地面激光扫描对球形标靶扫描点云数据,建立球面拟合精度评定数学模型,在不建立专门扫描仪鉴定场地和不考虑特定影响条件下,对扫描点云数据测量精度进行分析。该办法具有快捷实时的特点,能直接反映三维激光扫描仪在实际工作应用中的测量精度,对实时评价工程中三维激光扫描点云数据质量,指导科学选用激光扫描仪具有现实意义。     

三维激光扫描技术在山林地形测绘中的应用

非接触测量是测绘技术的发展趋势,尤其面对斜坡、陡崖等危险地形的地图测绘,全站仪等接触式测量方法测图效率低或因地形限制而无法作业.无人机航测技术发展成熟,地形、地貌条件的限制往往无法达到精度要求.三维激光扫描测量方法具有非接触、全自动、快速、精度高等优点在测量领域广泛应用,在危险、困难条件中很好适用.介绍了三维激光扫描仪测量的基本原理,阐述了基于三维激光扫描技术实现精细地形测绘的作业流程,通过某工程1:500地形图测绘实践,对地形图测量精度进行检验,总结了技术与实践经验,为三维激光扫描技术在更深层次的应用与研究打下基础,为相关工程实践提供参考.     

三维激光扫描仪的数据处理与精度控制

三维激光扫描仪技术又被称为实景复制技术,是测绘领域的一项重要的技术革新。突破了传统意义上的单点测量的方法。能够提供物体表面的三维点云的数据。本文主要介绍了三维激光扫描技术以及其在数据处理和误差精度控制上的表现,分析其原因。     

回转窑点云数据的曲面重建

针对形体较大、形状较规则的回转窑,很难用传统方法对其进行测量,可以采用三维激光扫描技术获取其点云数据,用逆向工程Geomagic软件对点云数据做建模处理,方便后续应用.针对某回转窑,阐述如何用Leica三维激光扫描仪获取其点云数据,然后用逆向工程软件Geomagic实现曲面重建和精度分析的具体过程.     

水下三维激光扫描在导管架平台损伤测量中的应用

海洋石油导管架结构受损点的尺寸测量目前主要使用机械卡尺测量,这种测量方法存在较大的误差,无法全面评估损伤点对导管架的影响,为此,需要引进新的方法和技术来满足导管架损伤点的测量。为准确评估损伤点对导管架的影响,保证导管架运营的安全,采用水下机器人（ROV）搭载三维激光扫描仪,分别对中国某海域导管架的阳极和已知损伤区域进行激光扫描,通过对激光点云数据的处理,得到被测物的三维模型,从而实现损伤结构的尺寸测量。研究结果表明,激光扫描仪便于ROV搭载和安装,可以应用于导管架已知损伤点的测量,测量精度可达毫米级。激光扫描测量的精度受诸多因素影响,作业时需优化作业方式,从而得到高质量的数据。ROV搭载水下三维激光技术,为深水结构物的尺寸测量提供了一种高精度的可行性方案,可以进行水下结构物的三维建模和尺寸测量,调查结果准确可靠,为后续的完整性评估提供参考。     

大型建筑物数字化及三维建模关键技术研究

随着激光扫描仪硬件水平的不断提高及数据处理方法的不断完善,地面三维激光扫描技术在城市建筑物数字化与三维建模方面的应用越来越广泛。通过对比使用两种不同工作原理的激光扫描仪（相位式和脉冲式）进行大型建筑物数字化及三维建模的试验,详细探讨了试验过程中数据采集、数据处理及三维建模等各个环节的主要问题及关键技术。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with