纳米粉Ba1-xSrxTiO3的合成

根据液相反应胶粒析出机理及实验原理,制备了Ba1-xSrzx前驱体(Ti(OH)4、SrCO3、BaCO3).然后经过焙烧,在较低温度(450℃)时是碳酸钡锶和二氧化钛分子状态的混合纳米晶,继续焙烧(900℃)成为发育完整的Ba1-mSrx TiO3纳米粉体,经TEM和XRD表征,平均粒径为100nm,粒径分布较窄,分散性良好.XRD表明此纳米粉体为钛酸钡锶Ba1-xSrxTiO3.     

锶掺杂对BaTiO_3薄膜粒径与结晶温度的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了钛酸钡和掺锶钛酸钡薄膜,结合DTA-TGA,XRD和SPM等分析手段,重点考察了锶掺杂对薄膜的结晶温度、粒径和晶胞参数的影响,发现随着锶含量的增加,Ba1-xSrxTiO3薄膜中晶体的晶胞参数逐渐减小,且锶的掺入可降低薄膜的结晶温度、减小粒径和粗糙度.     

固相燃烧法制备MgO-CeO2纳米粉体

以硝酸铈、醋酸镁为原料,并以酒石酸铵作为还原剂和络合剂,固相反应法合成了前驱物,将前驱物燃烧制备了M gO(0.2)-C eO2(0.8)混合氧化物纳米粉体,考察研究了焙烧温度和酒石酸铵及其用量对样品粒径的影响.采用XRD、TEM、SEM等测试手段对样品的物相粒径形貌进行了表征.样品的形貌为蓬松絮状多孔性立体结构,是M gO纳米粒子担载到C eO2超细粒子表面上的混合氧化物纳米粉体.前驱物经600℃焙烧2 h所得样品平均粒径分别为M gO:6 nm、C eO2:10 nm,经700℃焙烧2 h M gO:8 nm、C eO2:12 nm,经800℃焙烧2h M gO:10 nm、C eO2:18 nm左右.实验发现在同一体系中形成混合氧化物时,两者有互相抑制颗粒生长的作用,则可以得到分散性好、粒径小的纳米粉体.     

连续有序动态微液团混合法制备纳米WO_3

利用连续有序动态微液团混合法制备了纳米WO3粉体,并利用TEM,XRD,TG/DTA等检测手段对其进行了表征。讨论了反应溶液、沉淀剂的浓度、焙烧温度等因素对粉体形貌和粒径的影响。得到的纳米WO3粉体前驱体钨酸,为粒径20～40nm的片状钨酸小晶粒,经400～600℃焙烧,获得了粒径为30～50nm的WO3纳米粉体。     

连续有序动态微液团混合法制备纳米WO3

利用连续有序动态微液团混合法制备了纳米WO3粉体,并利用TEM,XRD,TG/DTA等检测手段对其进行了表征。讨论了反应溶液、沉淀剂的浓度、焙烧温度等因素对粉体形貌和粒径的影响。得到的纳米WO3粉体前驱体钨酸,为粒径20～40nm的片状钨酸小晶粒,经400～600℃焙烧,获得了粒径为30～50nm的WO3纳米粉体。     

Ba1-xPbxTiO3和Ca1-xPbxTiO3纳米粉料的结构分析

用化学分析法确定了Ba1-xPbxTiO3和Ca1-xPbxTi03纳米粉料的化学组成，测定了在不同焙烧温度下试样的红外吸收光谱(IR)和x射线衍射谱(XRD)，解析了价键结构的变化及归属，结合差热分析，确定了试样的晶化温度为700℃左右，比传统的固相法要低得多。并利用Scherrer公式，计算了Ba1-xPbxTi03和Ca1-xPbxTi03纳米晶平均粒径分别为39nm和33nm，四方相畸变度δ分别为1．0682和1．0630，讨论了纳米级粉料的粒径对低频区域特征振动谱带形状及强度的影响，结果表明用化学共沉淀法制备的粉料其均匀度、分散性等均好于固相法。     

有机前驱体低温燃烧制备Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3纳米粉体

以硝酸钡、硝酸锶、钛酸丁酯及氨水为原料,首次用酒石酸和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)作为复合螯合剂,采用有机前驱体低温燃烧法制备了Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3(BST)纳米粉体.采用XRD、TEM分析了粉体的相结构及形貌.结果表明,溶液pH值为7、金属离子与酒石酸物质的量之比为1:1.5的前驱体在较低的温度(650℃)熬处理0.5 h,得到结晶良好、纯度高、平均粒径约为40 nm的BST粉体.     

特殊液相沉淀法制备纳米Al2O3粉体

采用特殊液相沉淀法制备氧化铝前驱体,经不同温度焙烧,通过TEM表征,给出了焙烧温度与粉体粒径的曲线.可以看出,在500 ℃至1 100 ℃范围内,随焙烧烧温度的升高,粉体粒径有增大的趋势,但不明显;当温度继续升高,粉体粒径明显增大,当温度升至1 250 ℃时平均粒径达到50nm.XRD检测表明,经1 250 ℃焙烧,可得到α相纳米氧化铝粉体.对反应过程中沉淀产物的过滤性进行比较,发现Al 2(SO 4) 3为反应物较AlCl 3为反应物的过滤性好.     

锶掺杂的钛酸钡陶瓷制备及介电性能

钛酸钡作为一种高介电材料,在相变温度120℃附近具有较大的介电常数,为了更好应用于电子陶瓷材料中,需添加锶、锆、硅等掺杂物降低其相变温度至室温附近。本文用固相反应法制备了多种比例锶掺杂的钛酸钡陶瓷(Ba1-xSrxTiO3)。在不同频率下对其介电性能与相变温度做了对比研究。研究结果表明:一定比例锶掺杂能提高钛酸钡陶瓷的有效介电常数,同时随着掺杂比例增加可使相变温度向低温方向移动。x=0.3的锶掺杂比例使钛酸钡的相变温度移至室温附近,介电常数高于6000,满足了一般电容器的工作环境要求。     

稀土钕掺杂六方锶铁氧体纳米粉体的制备与分析

以Sr(NO3)2、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Nd2O3为原料,以柠檬酸为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧合成法,并在空气气氛中焙烧,得到稀土钕掺杂六方锶铁氧体(SrNdxFe12-xO19,x=0～1.0)纳米粉体.用X射线衍射对所得粉体进行分析,计算了钕掺杂不同量时SrNdxFe12-xO19粉体的晶格常数、晶体密度和晶粒尺寸.结果表明:焙烧温度高于850 ℃时可形成六方磁铅石型SrNdxFe12-xO19纳米粉体. 随着稀土Nd掺杂量的增加,六方锶铁氧体晶轴比c/a下降,晶体密度近似线性增大,晶粒尺寸保持在20 nm～50 nm范围,并且表现出逐渐减小的趋势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.