萘二甲酸二烯丙酯树脂热稳定性的研究

本文用TGA研究了萘二甲酸二烯丙脂(DANP)、间苯二甲酸二烯丙脂(DAIP)和邻苯二甲酸二烯丙酯(DAP)树脂的热分解反应动力学。用Kissinger法处理TAG数据,求得热分解活化能分别为183、167、154kJ/mol。DANP树脂在氮气中的热分解温度T_d=393℃,而在空气中T_d=317℃。用裂解色-质分析测定了DANP树脂的热裂解逸出气的组成,推测了热裂解机理,并研究了240℃下DANP、DAIP和DAP树脂浇铸体的热老化性能,结果表明DANP树脂优于DAIP和DAP树脂。     

聚己内酯热分解机制及其热分解产物

精制后的聚己内酯用三氯甲烷为溶剂制成溶剂膜.以调制式热重分析(TGA)为聚己内酯热裂解的研究方法,并使用核磁共振(NMR)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析其热裂解后所得的产物.TGA的结果表明,聚己内酯的热裂解过程分为两步,第一步的分解温度为205～295℃,失重率为7.0%;第二步分解温度为311-374℃,失重率为88%.结果同时得到了聚己内酯热分解的活化能、指前因子和速率比等热分解动力学常数,分别为第一步80kJ/mol,5min-1和0.3,第二步分别为146kJ/mol,11min-1和0.47.裂解后的产物经过NMR和FTIR分析,发现不但有高分子的聚已内酯,也有呋喃、取代环丙烷以及不饱和的羧酸等小分子化合物产生.     

含马来酰亚胺酚醛树脂在环氧改性中的应用

以N-(4-羟基苯基)马来酰亚胺为改性剂,合成了一系列不同马来酰亚胺含量的酚醛树脂(PMF),并以此作为一种新型的环氧固化剂对环氧树脂的热性能和阻燃性能进行改性研究.固化物的热性能研究发现由于马来酰亚胺结构的引入,固化物的初始热分解温度(380℃)和残炭率(700℃,48.6%)都有较大的提高.固化物的阻燃性能测试表明HPM的引入可有效地提高环氧固化物的阻燃性能.     

DL-丙氨酸Schiff碱的铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)配合物的热重-差热分析的研究

本文利用热重——差热分析法研究了DL-丙氨酸Schiff碱的铜(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)配合物的热分解行为。结果表明,铜(Ⅱ)配合物在190℃时失去一分子水而锌(Ⅱ)配合物则是在217℃,配合物的热稳定性次序是:[Zn(DBA)H_2O]>[Cu(DBA)H_2O]。配合物的热分解机制被提出。     

聚酰亚胺/二氧化硅杂化膜和复合膜的制备与结构研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和二氧化硅粒子掺杂共混法分别制备了聚酰亚胺/SiO2杂化膜和纳米复合膜.采用红外分光光度计(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TGA)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了所制备膜的结构微观形态和热性能并进行分析对比,结果表明在杂化膜中SiO2在聚酰亚胺基体中可以形成分子级分散,复合膜表现出较强的吸湿性使其热分解温度较低.研究认为,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备聚酰亚胺/SiO2介电材料更为合理.     

一种新型聚酰亚胺的非等温热分解动力学

通过热重法、差示量热扫描法以及红外光谱法研究了由3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylicdianhydride(二苯酮四酸二酐,简称BTDA)和4,4'-(1,3-phenylenedioxy)-dianiline(CAS:2479-461)所形成的一种新型聚酰亚胺的非等温热分解过程,测得其失重5%温度为492℃,失重10%温度为530℃.用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose(KAS)法和Ozawa法求取活化能Ea,用热分析动力学三因子求算的比较法判断出可能的机理函数.新型聚酰亚胺热分解的活化能为160.30kJ/mol,指前因子lnA为17.67.推断出可能的热反应机理函数为F2,其微分式和积分式分别为(1-α)2和(1-α)-1-1.     

松木屑非等温热解动力学研究

通过热重分析法在不同升温速率(分别为10,30,50℃.min-1)下,采用非恒温热重法,以氩气为载气,流速60 mL.min-1,初温为30℃,加热终温为950℃.对粒径为80目的松木屑热裂解时的热失重行为进行了研究.结果表明:松木屑热解分为四个阶段,主要由预热干燥阶段、热解预热阶段、热分解阶段和热缩聚阶段4个阶段组成;生物质松木屑主反应阶段主要集中在180～600℃左右;随着升温速率的增大,松木屑原料热解的起始温度、热解最大速率所在的温度Tmax及热解终止温度都向高温处稍微移动.使用了Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法、Coats-Redfern积分法和Achar微分法对松木屑热解动力学参数进行求取,Flynn-Wall-Ozawa积分法得到的松木屑在热解过程中不同失重率下(0.1～0.80)的活化能都集中在142.35～220.12 kJ.mol-1范围内.按照Bagchi法对松木屑热裂解过程的最概然机理函数进行了推断.松木屑热裂解的最概然机理函数为15号机理函数随机成核和随后生长,反应级数n=2(Code:AE2),函数名称是Avrami-Erofeev方程.     

硫酸二乙二胺合铜（Ⅱ）的热化学性质

以热重分析（ＴＧＡ）差示扫描量热分析（ＤＳＣ）和逸出气质谱分析（ＥＧＡ／ＭＳ）硫酸二乙二胺合铜（Ⅱ）「Ｃｕ（ｅｎ）２ＳＯ４」的程序升温热分解过程。该过程可分为４个阶段：从１３５℃开始有约０．２ｍｏｌ的结合水逸出;在２７０～３０５℃失去部分的乙二胺;３０５～３４５℃为热分解的主要阶段,络合物结构彻底破坏,逸出气质谱分析除检测到乙二胺和硫酸根热裂解产物外,还有少量Ｈ２Ｏ和微量ＣＯ２存在;３４５℃以后仍     

芴基苯并噁嗪单体的合成及热性能研究

以双酚芴、环己胺和甲醛为原料,采用混合溶剂法合成了一种新型双官能度芴基苯并噁嗪单体,利用FTIR,1H NMR和13C NMR对产物结构进行了表征,以差式扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了芴基苯并噁嗪单体的固化行为,通过DSC和热重(TGA)分析了聚苯并噁嗪的热性能.结果表明,芴基聚苯并噁嗪树脂呈现出典型的热开环固化特征,放热峰顶温度为251℃,玻璃化转变温度Tg为189.4℃,初始热分解温度(热失重5%)达329℃,800℃时的残碳率达到31%.     

3,3'-(间苯)二醚二酐单体及其聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

以3-氯代邻苯二甲酸酐和间苯二酚为初始原料,研究了反应时间、反应温度对合成3,3'-(间苯)二醚二酐(3,3'-Rs DPA)单体的影响.以邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)为封端剂,将合成的3,3'-Rs DPA与1,4-双(4-氨基苯氧基)苯(TPEQ)、1,3-二氨基苯(MPD)、4,4'-二氨基二苯醚(4,4'-ODA)和1,4-二氨基苯(PDA)发生缩聚反应,经化学亚胺化制备了一系列聚酰亚胺(PI)模塑粉,并对聚酰亚胺的热性能、力学性能进行了表征.结果表明:合成的聚酰亚胺具有良好的热稳定性,其质量损失5%的热分解温度在空气中为525~531℃,在氮气中为526~538℃;玻璃化转变温度(Tg)随着二胺单体刚性的增加从218℃升高到261℃.当二胺单体为PDA时,PI(3,3'-Rs DPA-PDA)具有明显的熔融结晶行为,其熔融温度(Tm)为327℃.良好的耐热性及优异的可加工性能使该聚酰亚胺材料有望用于3D打印技术中.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.