青藏高原不同地区沉积物的粒度特征与沉积环境判别公式适用性对比研究

以青藏高原地区从东北部到中部的9个典型沉积剖面为研究载体,通过研究本区域不同剖面沉积物粒度特征的差异性以及粒度判别公式的适用性,来探讨其对古环境研究的意义.研究结果表明,青藏高原中部与东北部沉积物粒度特征差异显著.根据粒度特征并结合判别公式,木格滩、英德尔、都兰、兴海、红土山、曲麻莱、可可西里7个剖面判别为风成沉积,而沱沱河、唐古拉沉积剖面判别为河湖相沉积.结果说明萨胡判别公式对青藏高原风成沉积,尤其是风成砂环境判别时,还存在局限性.综合分析得出,青藏高原不同区域沉积物的沉积特征与其所处高原位置具有一定的相关性.高原内部地区利用粒度特征研究古环境时会受到近源物质的干扰,往往不能真实反映气候变化信息.     

毛乌素沙地北缘5.8～4.5 cal kaBP的沉积旋回

通过毛乌素沙地现代风成砂与泊江海子剖面沉积物粒度特征对比分析,确定剖面中4个层位(290～210 cm,190～160 cm,153.5～123.5 cm,50～40 cm)基本属于风成砂沉积,这些风成砂中间夹杂着3次湖相沉积,结合年代序列认为此区域在5.8～4.5 cal kaBP存在以下沉积旋回:～5749 cal aBP沉积风成砂,反映该时期风砂活动强烈,气候干燥,冬季风强盛;5 749 cal aBP前后沉积物为灰绿色湖相层,表明这一时期存在短暂的湖面扩展,沙漠退缩;5749～5 370 cal aBP沉积风成砂,反映了湖泊的退缩和沙漠的扩展;5370～4895 cal aBP湖相沉积物,反映了流域降水量的增多;4895～4580 cal aBP沉积风成砂后,4580 cal aBP前后又出现了短暂的湖相沉积,之后又是风砂沉积.     

石洋河古终端湖泊沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境初探

利用石羊可终端湖泊野麻湖剖面沉积物的粒度资料,分析了粒度组成、粒度参数、概率累积曲线等粒度特征,并探讨了古终端湖泊的沉积环境,结果表明石羊河古终端湖曾经是一个稳定的湖泊环境,大约在趴４０００多年前演变成为浅湖沼环境,现在已完全干涸。野订湖剖面记录的数层快速风成沉积代表了周期性的沙尘暴事件。     

石羊河古终端湖泊沉积物粒度特征与沉积环境初探

利用石羊河古终端湖泊野麻湖剖面沉积物的粒度资料,分析了粒度组成、粒度参数、概率累积曲线等粒度特征,并探讨了古终端湖泊的沉积环境．结果表明石羊河古终端湖曾经是一个稳定的湖泊环境,大约在距今４０００多年前演变成为浅湖沼环境,现在已完全干涸．野麻湖剖面记录的数层快速风成沉积代表了周期性的沙尘暴事件．     

汾渭盆地250 kaBP以来黄土粒度记录的环境信息

通过对汾渭盆地西师村黄河第三级阶地上沉积的黄土地层粒度分析发现，沉积物的粒度组份变化曲线能够很好地反映黄土-古土壤地层序列的变化，粒径〈5μm和〉30μm组份的体积分数曲线分别是东亚夏季风和冬季风的良好替代性指标．通过粒度分析所绘制的各粒级组份体积分数曲线显示，古土壤S2和S1发育时期，夏季风加强，并且分别在225，121，101，85kaBP处出现峰值；在40kaBP左右，夏季风有所加强，形成一层弱古土壤Sm．黄土L2和L1堆积时期，冬季风加强，峰值分别出现在185，155，138，15kaBP处．西师剖面的黄土记录整体上反映了最近250ka以来汾渭盆地东亚季风的演化过程，为这一地区在最近250ka以来的东亚季风演化研究作了有益补充．     

苏北盆地兴化1#钻孔的沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义

选取苏北盆地兴化1#钻孔,通过对其剖面3MaB．P．以来的沉积物进行岩性描述及粒度特征的研究,探讨了此岩芯剖面沉积环境的演变过程．结果表明,该岩芯垂直剖面沉积物颗粒基本构成是以粘土、粉砂、砂为主,沉积环境变化频繁．根据粒度参数特征所反映的沉积环境意义,划分出6个沉积阶段,在深度350～296．1m,为河湖交替相沉积环境;296．1～254．1m,为湖泊相沉积环境;254．1～230．1m,为河流相沉积环境;230．1～156．2m,为浅湖相沉积环境;156．2～102．8m,为湖滨相沉积环境;102．8～0m,为湖沼相沉积环境,从而揭示了苏北盆地兴化1#钻孔3MaB．P．以来的沉积环境的演变过程．此外,还记录到2．26～2．16MaB．P．,0．9MaB．P．两次季风气候性质上的巨变．     

毛乌素沙地北缘苏贝淖湖滨沉积物磁化率与粒度组份的相关性研究*

以苏贝淖湖滨剖面沉积物为例,研究了沉积物磁化率与粒度的变化特征;并分析了各粒级组份与磁化率大小变化的相关关系。探讨沉积物磁性矿物的可能来源及富集状态,揭示它们在干旱区湖泊沉积物中所反映的古环境信息。结果显示:1沉积物磁化率和粒度自下而上分别经历了由低到高、由细到粗的总体变化趋势,代表了一种由湖滨浅湖相到风成沉积相过渡的沉积环境;沉积物整体粒径较粗,主要为砂(63μm)和粉砂[(4~63)μm],二者的平均含量之和达到99.04%,剖面风成沉积物与现代风成沙的粒度曲线变化具有很好的一致性;2磁化率与砂粒级的颗粒含量呈正相关,而与粉砂和黏土无明显相关关系或呈负相关,说明磁性矿物主要赋存在砂粒级颗粒中,主要原因是沉积物中的磁性矿物以外源为主;3沉积物高磁化率值对应较粗的沉积物颗粒,指示湖区风沙活动较强,气候干旱;低磁化率值对应较细的沉积物颗粒,反映湖区环境相对较湿润。     

福建漳浦前湖湾沉积物磁学性质特征分析

通过对福建漳浦前湖湾QHP剖面和钻孔QHZ2沉积物磁学取样及其实验分析,得到各种磁学参数及多个磁参数的比值随样品号(深度)的变化曲线.结合该剖面和钻孔的粒度特征、孢粉分析和14C测年,结果表明,QHP剖面和钻孔QHZ2沉积物中磁参数及其比值的变化能与其古气候变化很好地相对应,特别是在7号样、13号样、22号样的气候转折点上,沉积物中环境磁参数及其比值出现比较明显的变化.这说明沉积物中磁参数及其比值能较好地记录沉积物沉积时的古气侯,也可用来认识古气侯突变的界线.前湖湾QHP剖面和钻孔QHZ2是晚更新世以来形成的,至少经历了2个暖湿期和2个干冷期,而每一个期内又存在着小的暖湿期和冷干期的交替.     

淮河上游桐柏县卢庄SWD粒度端元分析

通过沿着淮河上游详细的野外调查,在桐柏县卢庄村附近淮河北岸发现了全新世黄土-古土壤剖面夹有古洪水滞流沉积层.对剖面进行详细观察和分层采样,在实验室内进行粒度分析.对所获得的分析数据,应用端元分析模型分离出4个端元,以识别沉积动力环境,鉴别特大洪水事件的沉积学记录.不同的地层单元具有不同的端元组合特征,各个端元皆能够很好地指示沉积动力环境和物源特征.其中端元1可能指示了沉积物在沉积后受到次生风化作用强度特征;端元2可能指示了生物成壤过程和农业耕作活动等对沉积物的后期影响;端元3可能代表了沉积过程中受到风成动力作用的特征;端元4比较明确地指示了特定物源条件下流水动力环境.将端元分析与野外沉积学宏观特征相结合,在此全新世地层剖面鉴别出6次特大古洪水事件.通过沉积物粒度端元分析,表明该模型在鉴别沉积动力环境和物源特征方面具有很好的作用,对于从河谷黄土古土壤剖面鉴别古洪水滞流沉积物具有很好的效果.     

长江下游洪水事件:基于南通河漫滩研究

沉积物中保留下来的信息载体可较准确地反映古环境变化,沉积物粒度与磁化率是沉积物中反映沉积环境变化的重要指标.研究了长江下游南通段河漫滩沉积剖面的粒度和磁化率特征,由此识别出长江下游南通段现代洪水事件.粒度分析表明,样品偏态系数为负偏,表明沉积物粒径总体相时较大,反映水流量大,搬运能力强.根据砂、粉砂、粘土百分含量变化,可将剖面分6层,呈粗-细-粗-细-粗-细变化.这与磁化率特征是一致的,磁化率呈高-低-高-低-高-低变化.将磁化率、中值粒径和近百年降水量变化对比分析发现,磁化率与沉积物中值粒径呈负相关关系.而沉积物粒度与降水量呈正相关关系.推断第1、3、5层的沉积特征指示该阶段水量较大(洪水期),第2、4、6层沉积特征指示水量较小,约130 a以来长江下游南通段至少发生3次较大的洪水,其中第5沉积层对应的洪水规模可能最大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-